Abstract
Different memristive devices have different characteristic curves; how to describe and simulate various kinds of memristive devices with a unified model is still a significant work. In this work, a new memristor model is presented—DSAM, drift speed adaptive memristor model. This model is composed of a linear i–v relation function and a speed adaptive state function. A detailed analysis of model parameters’ effect is proposed. It is shown that different parameters perform different drift speed curves, which can be adjusted to describe various memristive devices. The proposed model can also adapt to various voltage inputs. Finally, the model is tested in fitting different memristor devices with an average error of less than \(5.5 \%\).
Similar content being viewed by others
Data availability
The datasets generated during and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
References
Strukov DB, Snider GS, Stewart DR, Williams RS (2008) The missing memristor found. Nature 453(7191):80–83
Alon Ascoli, Tetzlaff R, Chua LO (2016) The first ever real bistable memristors-part II: design and analysis of a local fading memory system. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs 63(12):1096–1100
Srivastava S, Thomas JP, Leung KT (2019) Programmable, electroforming-free TiO x/TaO x heterojunction-based non-volatile memory devices. Nanoscale 11(39):18159–18168
Murdoch BJ, McCulloch DG, Ganesan R, McKenzie DR, Bilek MMM, Partridge JG (2016) Memristor and selector devices fabricated from HfO2- xNx. Appl Phys Lett 108(14):143504
Hong Q, Zi Shi, Sun J, Du S (2021) Memristive self-learning logic circuit with application to encoder and decoder. Neural Comput Appl 33(10):4901–4913
Amirsoleimani A, Ahmadi M, Ahmadi A (2018) Logic design on mirrored memristive crossbars. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs 65(11):1688–1692
Kim KM, Williams RS (2019) A family of stateful memristor gates for complete cascading logic. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I Regul Pap 66(11):4348–4355
Liu G, Zheng L, Wang G, Shen Y, Liang Y (2019) A carry lookahead adder based on hybrid CMOS-memristor logic circuit. IEEE Access 7:43691–43696
Hong Q, Chen H, Sun J, Wang C (2022) Memristive circuit implementation of a self-repairing network based on biological astrocytes in robot application. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 33(5):2106–2120
Hu X, Feng G, Duan S, Liu L (2016) A memristive multilayer cellular neural network with applications to image processing. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst 28(8):1889–1901
Hong Q, Zhao L, Wang X (2019) Novel circuit designs of memristor synapse and neuron. Neurocomputing 330:11–16
Guo T, Wang L, Zhou M, Duan S (2019) A multi-layer memristive recurrent neural network for solving static and dynamic image associative memory. Neurocomputing 334:35–43
Hu X, Duan S, Chen G, Chen L (2017) Modeling affections with memristor-based associative memory neural networks. Neurocomputing 223:129–137
Yan R, Hong Q, Wang C, Sun J, Li Y (2021) Multilayer memristive neural network circuit based on online learning for license plate detection. IEEE Trans Comput-Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst, pages 1
Zhang X, Zhuo Y, Luo Q, Wu Z, Midya R, Wang Z, Song W, Wang R, Upadhyay NK, Fang Y et al (2020) An artificial spiking afferent nerve based on mott memristors for neurorobotics. Nat Commun 11(1):51
Yao P, Wu H, Gao B, Tang J, Zhang Q, Zhang W, Yang JJ, Qian H (2020) Fully hardware-implemented memristor convolutional neural network. Nature 577(7792):641–646
Joglekar YN, Wolf SJ (2009) The elusive memristor: properties of basic electrical circuits. Eur J Phys 30(4):661
Biolek Z, Biolek D, Biolkova V (2009) Spice model of memristor with nonlinear dopant drift. Radioengineering 18(2):210–214
Prodromakis T, Peh BP, Papavassiliou C, Toumazou C (2011) A versatile memristor model with nonlinear dopant kinetics. IEEE Trans Electron Devices 58(9):3099–3105
Zha J, Huang H, Liu Y (2016) A novel window function for memristor model with application in programming analog circuits. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs 63(5):423–427
Zha J, Huang H, Huang T, Cao J, Alsaedi A, Alsaadi FE (2017) A general memristor model and its applications in programmable analog circuits. Neurocomputing 267:134–140
Ilyasov AI, Nikiruy KE, Emelyanov AV, Chernoglazov KY, Sitnikov AV, Rylkov V, Demin VA (2022) Arrays of nanocomposite crossbar memristors for the implementation of formal and spiking neuromorphic systems. Nanobiotechnol Rep 17(1):118–125
Kvatinsky S, Friedman EG, Kolodny A, Weiser UC (2013) Team: Threshold adaptive memristor model. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I Regular Papers 60(1):211–221
Kvatinsky S, Ramadan M, Friedman EG, Kolodny A (2015) VTEAM: A general model for voltage-controlled memristors. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs 62(8):786–790
Yakopcic C, Taha TM, Subramanyam G, Pino RE (2013) Generalized memristive device spice model and its application in circuit design. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst 32(8):1201–1214
Wang X, Xu B, Chen L (2017) Efficient memristor model implementation for simulation and application. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst 36(7):1226–1230
Chen L, Li C, Huang T, Hu X, Chen Y (2016) The bipolar and unipolar reversible behavior on the forgetting memristor model. Neurocomputing 171:1637–1643
Yang R, Huang HM, Hong QH, Yin XB, Tan ZH, Shi T, Zhou YX, Miao XS, Wang XP, Mi SB et al (2018) Synaptic suppression triplet-stdp learning rule realized in second-order memristors. Adv Func Mater 28(5):1704455
Li Y, Zhong Y, Zhang J, Xu L, Wang Q, Sun H, Tong H, Cheng X, Miao X (2014) Activity-dependent synaptic plasticity of a chalcogenide electronic synapse for neuromorphic systems. Sci Rep 4(6184):4906
Yin XB, Tan ZH, Guo X (2015) The role of Schottky barrier in the resistive switching of SrTiO3: direct experimental evidence. Phys Chem Chem Phys 17(1):134–137
Liu G, Wang C, Zhang W, Pan L, Zhang C, Yang X, Fan F, Chen Y, Li RW (2016) Organic biomimicking memristor for information storage and processing applications. Adv Electron Mater 2(2):1500298
Yang Z, Wang X, Yi L, Friedman EG (2017) Memristive model for synaptic circuits. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs 64(7):767–771
Chua L (2018) Five non-volatile memristor enigmas solved. Appl Phys A 124(8):563
Anusudha TA, Prabaharan SRS (2018) A versatile window function for linear ion drift memristor model- a new approach. AEU-Int J Electron C 90:130–139
Valeri M, Stoyan K (2018) A memristor model with a modified window function and activation thresholds. In IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)
Li J, Dong Z, Luo L, Duan S, Wang L (2015) A novel versatile window function for memristor model with application in spiking neural network. Neurocomputing 405:600–605
Chowdhury J, Das JK, Rout NK (2015) Trigonometric Window Functions for Memristive Device Modeling. 2015 Fifth International Conference on Advanced Computing & Communication Technologies, PP. 157–161
Mladenov V, Kirilov S (2017) A nonlinear drift memristor model with a modified biolek window function and activation threshold. Electronics 6(4):77
Agudov NV, Dubkov AA, Safonov AV, Krichigin AV, Kharcheva AA, Guseinov DV et al (2021) Stochastic model of memristor based on the length of conductive region. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 150:111131
Xu KD, Li D, Jiang Y, Chen Q (2021) SPICE behaviors of double memristor circuits using cosine window function. Front Phys 9:56
Singh J, Sharma SK, Raj B (2020) Investigation of Inherent Capacitive Effects in Linear Memristor Model. Silicon, 1–8
Lin H, Wang C, Hong Q, Sun Y (2020) A multi-stable memristor and its application in a neural network. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs 67(12):3472–3476
Peng Y, Sun K, He S (2020) A discrete memristor model and its application in Hénon map. Chaos, Solitons & Fractals 137:109873
Al Chawa MM, Picos R, Tetzlaff R (2021) A Compact Memristor Model for Neuromorphic ReRAM Devices in Flux-Charge Space. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst I Regul Pap 68(9):3631–3641
Chua LO, Kang SM (1976) Memristive devices and systems. Proc IEEE 64(2):209–223
Biolek D, Kolka Z, Biolková V, Biolek Z, Potrebić M, Tošić D (2018) Modeling and simulation of large memristive networks. Int J Circuit Theory Appl 46:50–65
Messaris Y, Serb A, Stathopoulos S, Khiat A, Nikolaidis S, Prodromakis T (2018) A data-driven verilog-a reram model. IEEE Trans Comput-Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst, PP.1–1
Oblea AS, Timilsina A, Moore D, Campbell KA (2010) Silver chalcogenide based memristor devices. In International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, PP. 1–3
Miller K, Nalwa KS, Bergerud A, Neihart NM, Chaudhary S (2010) Memristive Behavior in Thin Anodic Titania. IEEE Electron Device Lett 31(7):737–739
Jo SH, Lu W (2008) CMOS compatible nanoscale nonvolatile resistance switching memory. Nano Lett 8(2):392–397
Singh J, Raj B (2019) An accurate and generic window function for nonlinear memristor models. J Comput Electron 18(2):640–647
Ren K, Zhang K, Qin X, Yang F, Sun B, Zhao Y, Zhang Y (2021) VETAM-M: A General Model for Voltage-Controlled Memcapacitive-Coupled Memristors. Express Briefs, IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II
Maruf MH, Ali SI (2020) Review and comparative study of IV characteristics of different memristor models with sinusoidal input. Int J Electron 107(3):349–375
Isah A, Nguetcho AST, Binczak S, Bilbault JM (2021) Comparison of the Performance of the Memristor Models in 2D Cellular Nonlinear Network. Electronics 10(13):1577
Anusudha TA, Prabaharan SRS (2018) A versatile window function for linear ion drift memristor model-A new approach. AEU-Int J Electron Commun 90:130–139
Xu J, Wang D, Li F, Zhang L, Stathis D, Yang Y, Jin Y Lansner A, Hemani A, Zou Z, Zheng LR (2021) A Memristor Model with Concise Window Function for Spiking Brain-Inspired Computation. 2021 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circuits and Systems (AICAS), pp. 1–4
Mladenov V, Kirilo S (2018) Advanced memristor model with a modified Biolek window and a voltage-dependent variable exponent. In Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska
Acknowledgements
The work was supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant (Nos. 61674054, 62101142) and with the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China under Grant (No. 2017JJ2049) and with the Science and Technology Program of Guangzhou of China under Grant (No. 201904010302) and with the Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan Research Project under Grant (No. 202102020874) and with innovation Project for Higher Education of Guangdong Province under Grant (No. 2021KTSCX062) and with Key Research Platform Project for Higher Education of Guangdong Province under Grant (No. 2021ZDZX1079) and with the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 531118010418).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Conflict of interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Li, Y., Xie, L., Xiao, P. et al. Drift speed adaptive memristor model. Neural Comput & Applic 35, 14419–14430 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-08401-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-023-08401-7