Abstract
The World Wide Web, with its paradigms of surfing and searching for information, has become the predominant system for computer-based information retrieval. Media resources, however information-rich, only play a minor role in providing information to Web users. While bandwidth (or the lack thereof) may be an excuse for this situation, the lack of surfing and searching capabilities on media resources are the real issue. We present an architecture that extends the Web to media, enabling existing Web infrastructures to provide seamless search and hyperlink capabilities for time-continuous Web resources, with only minor extensions. This makes the Web a true distributed information system for multimedia data. The article provides an overview of the specifications that have been developed and submitted to the IETF for standardization. It also presents experimental results with prototype applications.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Annodex.net: Open Standards for Annotating and Indexing Networked Media. http://www.annodex.net. [Accessed Nov. 2004]
Baeza-Yates, R., Baeza-Yates, R., Ribeiro-Neto, B.: Modern Information Retrieval, 1st edn. Addison-Wesley, Boston (1999)
Berners-Lee, T., Fielding, R., Irvine, U., Masinter, L.: Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax. http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt (1998) [Accessed Nov. 2004]
Berners-Lee, T., Fischetti, M., Dertouzos, M.: Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web by its Inventor. Harper, San Francisco (1999)
Burnett, I., de Walle, R.V., Hill, K., Bormans, J., Pereira, F.: MPEG-21: Goals and Achievements. IEEE Multimedia J. 10(4), 60–70 (2003)
Celentano, A., Gaggi, O.: Querying and browsing multimedia presentations. In: Tucci, M. (ed.) MDIC 2001, 2nd International Workshop on Multimedia Databases and Image Communication. Lecture notes in computer science, vol. 2184, pp. 105–116. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York (2001)
Dublin Core Metadata Initiative: Dublin Core Metadata Element Set, Version 1.1. http://dublincore.org/documents/2003/02/04/dces (2003) [Accessed Nov. 2004]
Fielding, R., Gettys, J., Mogul, J., Nielsen, H., Masinter, L., Leach, P., Berners-Lee, T.: Hypertext Transfer Protocol–HTTP/1.1.http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2616.txt (June 1999) [Accessed Nov. 2004]
Hunter, J.: An application profile which combines DC and MPEG-7 for simple video description. ViDE Video Access Group. http://www.metadata.net/harmony/video_appln_profile.html [Accessed Feb. 2002]
International Press Telecommunications Council: Specification NewsML 1.2. http://www.newsml.org/pages/specmain.php (2003) [Accessed Nov. 2004]
Jain, R., Hampapur, A.: Metadata in video databases. SIGMOD Rec. 23(4), 27–33 (1994)
Jansen, B., Goodrum, A., Spink, A.: Searching for multimedia: video, audio, and image Web queries. World Wide Web J. 3(4), 249–254 (2000)
Laurie, B., Laurie, P.: Apache: the Definitive Guide, 1st edn. O'Reilly, Sebastopol, CA (1999)
Little, T., Ghafoor, A.: Interval-based conceptual models for time-dependent multimedia data. Knowl. Data Eng. 5(4), 551–563 (1993)
Martinez, J., Koenen, R., Pereira, F.: MPEG-7: the Generic Multimedia Content Description Standard. IEEE Multimedia J. 9(2), 78–87 (2002)
Mulhem, P., Martin, H.: From database to Web multimedia documents. Multimedia Tools Appl. J. 20(3), 263–282 (2003)
Naphade, M.R., Huang, T.S.: A probabilistic framework for semantic indexing and retrieval in video. In: IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (I), pp. 475–478 (2000)
NCSA HTTPd Development Team. The Common Gateway Interface (CGI). http://hoohoo.ncsa.uiuc.edu/cgi/ (1995) [Accessed Nov. 2004]
Nilsson, M.: ID3 tag version 2.4.0 – Main Structure. http://www.id3.org/id3v2.4.0-structure.txt (2000) [Accessed Nov. 2004]
Pfeiffer, S.: The Ogg Encapsulation Format Version 0. http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3533.txt (2003)
Pfeiffer, S., Parker, C., Pang, A.: Specifying time intervals in URI queries and fragments of time-based Web resources (work in progress). http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pfeiffer-temporal-fragments-03.txt (2004) [Accessed Dec. 2004]
Pfeiffer, S., Parker, C., Pang, A.: The Annodex annotation and indexing format for time-continuous data files, version 3.0 (work in progress). http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pfeiffer-annodex-02.txt (2004) [Accessed Dec. 2004]
Pfeiffer, S., Parker, C., Pang, A.: The Continuous Media Markup Language (CMML), version 3.0 (work in progress). http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-pfeiffer-cmml-02.txt (2004)
Pfeiffer, S., Parker, C., Schremmer, C.: Annodex: a simple architecture to enable hyperlinking, search and retrieval of time-continuous data on the Web. In: Proceedings of the IEEE 5th ACM SIGMM International Workshop on Multimedia Information Retrieval (MIR), pp. 87–93. Berkeley, CA (2003)
Rutledge, L., Schmitz, P.: Improving media fragment integration in emerging Web formats. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Multimedia Modeling 2001 (MMM01), pp. 147–166. CWI, Amsterdam (2001)
Schulzrinne, H., Rao, A., Lanphier, R.: Real Time Streaming Protocol (RTSP). http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2326.txt (1998) [Accessed Nov. 2004]
Smith, J.R., Chang, S.-F.: Image and video search engine for the World Wide Web. In: Storage and Retrieval for Image and Video Databases (SPIE), pp. 84–95 (1997)
Sullivan, D.: Multimedia Search Engines: Image, Audio & Video Searching. http://searchenginewatch.com/links/article.php/2156251 (2003) [Accessed Nov. 2004]
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C): HTML 4.01 Specification. http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/ (1999) [Accessed Nov. 2004]
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C): XSL Transforms (XSLT) Version 1.0. http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt/ (1999) [Accessed Nov. 2004]
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C): Synchronized Multimedia Integration Language (SMIL 2.0). http://www.w3.org/TR/smil20/ (2001) [Accessed Nov. 2004]
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C): XML Pointer Language (XPointer). http://www.w3.org/TR/xptr/ (August 2002) [Accessed Nov. 2004]
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C): Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.1. http://www.w3.org/TR/xml11/ (2004) [Accessed Nov. 2004]
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C): RDF/XML Syntax Specification. http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-syntax-grammar/ (2004) [Accessed Nov. 2004]
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C): XML Path Language (XPath) 2.0. http://www.w3.org/TR/xpath20/ (2004) [Accessed Nov. 2004]
Building a New Era of Open Multimedia: http://www.xiph.org [Accessed Nov. 2004]
Young, S., Foote, J., Jones, G., Sparck, K., Brown, M.: Acoustic indexing for multimedia retrieval and browsing. In: Proceedings of the 1997 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP '97), April 1997, vol. 1, pp. 199–202. Munich, Germany (1997)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Pfeiffer, S., Parker, C. & Pang, A. The Continuous Media Web: a distributed multimedia information retrieval architecture extending the World Wide Web. Multimedia Systems 10, 544–558 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00530-005-0181-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00530-005-0181-8