Skip to main content
Log in

Experimental results from a MANET testbed in outdoor bridge environment considering BATMAN routing protocol

  • Published:
Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A set of wireless mobile terminals, which cooperate by routing packets to each other creates a Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET). MANETs are continuing to grow their interest in research environment and they are attracting attention for their potential use in several fields such as collaborative computing and disaster recovery environments. Considering mobility of the terminals, the topology changes rapidly and routing becomes a key process for operation of MANETs. In this paper, we analyze the performance of Better Approach To MANET (BATMAN) routing protocol in an outdoor bridge environment considering mobility and vertical communication. We implement two scenarios on our testbed and evaluate the performance in terms of throughput and packetloss.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. That is the probability that broadcast messages are received by all nodes in the network.

Abbreviations

MANET:

Mobile Ad-hoc Network

BATMAN:

Better Approach to Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

IEEE:

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

OLSR:

Optimized link state routing

LQWS:

Link quality window size

DSR:

Dynamic source routing

ETX:

Expected transmission count

OGM:

Originator message

TTL:

Time to live

SQ:

Sequence number

NBRF:

Neighbor ranking sequence frame

OBST:

Outdoor bridge static

OBSM:

Outdoor bridge source moving

OBDM:

Outdoor bridge destination moving

AP:

Access point

D-ITG:

Distributed Internet Traffic Generator

GUI:

Graphical user interface

CBR:

Constant bit rate

MT:

Mesh topology

DTR:

Data transmission rate

References

  1. Lundgren H, Nordstrom E, Tschudin C (2002) Coping with communication gray zones in IEEE 802.11b Based Ad-Hoc Networks. In: Proceedings of international workshop on wireless mobile multimedia (WOWMOM-2002/MOBICOM-2002), pp 49–55

  2. De Marco G, Ikeda M, Yang T, Barolli L (2007) Experimental performance evaluation of a pro-active ad-hoc routing protocol in outdoor and indoor scenarios. In: Proceedings of international conference on advanced information networking and applications (AINA-2007), May 2007, pp 7–14

  3. Barolli L, Ikeda M, De Marco G, Durresi A, Xhafa F (2009) Performance analysis of OLSR and BATMAN protocols considering link quality parameter. In: Proceedings of international conference on advanced information networking and applications (AINA-2009), May 2009, pp 307–314

  4. Ikeda M, Barolli L, Hiyama M, Yang T, De Marco G, Durresi A (2009) Performance evaluation of a MANET testbed for differenet topologies. In: Proceedings of international conference on network-based information systems (NBiS-2009), Indianapolis, August 2009, pp 327–334

  5. Kulla E, Ikeda M, Barolli L, Miho R (2010) Impact of source and destination movement on MANET performance considering BATMAN and AODV protocols. In: Proceedings of international conference on broadband, wireless computing, communication and applications (BWCCA-2010), pp 94–101

  6. Open mesh webpage for a collection of tools to build free and open mesh networks. http://www.open-mesh.org/. Accessed on October 2012

  7. Nordström E (2002) APE: a large scale ad-hoc network testbed for reproducible performance tests. Masters thesis, Uppsala University, Sweden

  8. Owada Y, Takahashi Y, Suda T, Terui H, Taki F, Yagi T, Mase K (2005) A large scale wireless mobile ad-hoc network testbed. In: proceedings of IEEE vehicular technology conference, September 2005. pp 324–328

  9. Draves R, Padhye J, Zill B (2004) Comparison of routing metrics for static multi-hop wireless networks. In: Proceedings of international conference on special interest group on data, communication (SIGCOMM-2004), pp 133–144

  10. Hanashi AM, Siddique A, Awan I, Woodward M (2007) Performance evaluation of dynamic probablilistic flooding under different mobility models in MANETs. In: Proceedings of international conference on parallel and distributed systems (ICPADS-2007), vol 2, pp 1–6

  11. Hanashi AM, Awan I, Woodward M (2009) Performance evaluation with different mobility models for dynamic probabilistic flooding in MANETs. J Mobile Inf Syst (IJMIS) 5(1):65–80. doi:10.3233/MIS-2009-0073

    Google Scholar 

  12. Bicket J, Aguayo D, Biswas S, Morris R (2005) Architecture and evaluation of an unplanned 802.11b Mesh Network. In: Proceedings of international conference on mobile computing and networking (MOBICOM-2005), pp 31–42

  13. Maltz DA, Broch J, Johnson DB (2001) Lessons from a full-scale multihop wireless ad-hoc network testbed. J Personal Commun 8(1):8–15

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Perkins C, Belding-Royer E, Das S (2003) Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing. In: RFC 3561 (experimental), July 2003

  15. Johnson DB, Maltz DA, Broch J (2001) DSR: the dynamic source routing protocol for multi-hop wireless ad-hoc networks. J Ad-Hoc Netw 5:139–172

    Google Scholar 

  16. Gray RS, Kotz D, Newport C, Dubrovsky N, Fiske A, Liu J, Masone C, McGrath S, Yuan Y (2004) Outdoor experimental comparison of four ad-hoc routing algorithms. In: Proceedings of modeling, analysis and simulation of wireless mobile systems (MSWiM-2004), pp 220–229

  17. Borgia E, Conti M, Gregori E (2005) IEEE 802.11b ad-hoc networks: performance measurements. J Cluster Comput 8(2–3):135–145

    Google Scholar 

  18. Clausen T, Hansen G, Christensen L, Behrmann G (2001) The optimized link state routing protocol, evaluation through experiments and simulation. In: Proceedings of IEEE symposium on wireless personal mobile communications, September 2001. http://hipercom.inria.fr/olsr/wpmc01.ps. Accessed on October 2012

  19. Johnson D, Hancke G (2009) Comparison of two routing metrics in OLSR on a grid based mesh network. J Ad-Hoc Netw 7(2):374–387

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Haas ZJ, Halpern JY, Li L (2006) Gossip-based ad-hoc routing. IEEE/ACM Trans Netw 14(3):479–491

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Rt2x00 Project for Linux wireless cards drivers. http://rt2x00.serialmonkey.com/. Accessed on December 2011

  22. Ralink RT2570 USB enhanced driver. http://homepages.tu-darmstadt.de/p_larbig/wlan/. Accessed on December 2011

  23. Dainotti A, BottaA, Pescap A (2007) Do you know what you are generating? In: Procedings of international conference on emerging networking experiments and technologies (CoNEXT-2007), New York, USA, pp 1–2

  24. Chissungo E, Blake E, Le H (2011) Investigation into Batman-adv protocol performance in an indoor mesh potato testbed. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on intelligent networking and collaborative systems (IEEE INCoS-2011), pp 8–13

Download references

Acknowledgments

This work is supported by a Grant-in-Aid for scientific research of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS). The authors would like to thank JSPS for the financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Elis Kulla.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kulla, E., Ikeda, M., Oda, T. et al. Experimental results from a MANET testbed in outdoor bridge environment considering BATMAN routing protocol. Computing 95, 1073–1086 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-012-0225-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-012-0225-9

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classification

Navigation