Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A hierarchical formal method for performance evaluation of WSNs protocol

  • Special Issue Article
  • Published:
Computing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The design and the evaluation of communication protocols in WSNs is a crucial issue. Generally, researchers use simulation methods to evaluate them. However, formal modelling and analysis techniques are an efficient alternative to simulation methods. Indeed, these techniques allow performance evaluation and model verification. In this paper, a formal approach is proposed to modelling and to evaluating the Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) MAC protocol with a star topology. Moreover, the proposed approach deals with some properties that are not stated in most existing works. The approach uses Hierarchical Timed Coloured Petri Nets (HTCPNs) formalism to model the protocol and exploits the CPN-Tools to analyse the generated models. HTCPNs provide timed aspect which facilitates the consideration of time constraints inherent to the CSMA/CA protocol.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19
Fig. 20
Fig. 21
Fig. 22
Fig. 23

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. https://drive.google.com/file/d/16n8VSklpwv3bUBnqkte7xOc6bOk39WwP/view?usp=sharing.

References

  1. Khanafer M, Guennoun M, Mouftah HT (2013) A survey of beacon-enabled IEEE 802.15. 4 MAC protocols in wireless sensor networks. IEEE Commun Surv Tutor 16(2):856–876

  2. Hmidi Z, Kahloul L, Benharzallah S (2016) Statistical model checking of CSMA/CA in WSNs. In: VECoS, Tunisia, pp 27–42

  3. Chen Z, Peng Y, Yue W (2015) Modeling and analyzing CSMA/CA protocol for energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks. Int J Distrib Sens Netw 11(9):257157

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Zohra H, Kahloul L, Benharzallah S (2020) Using priced timed automata for the specification and verification of CSMA/CA in WSNs. Int J Inf Commun Technol 17(2):129–145

    Google Scholar 

  5. Houimli M, Kahloul L, Benaoun S (2017) Formal specification, verification and evaluation of the MQTT protocol in the Internet of Things. In: 2017 International conference on mathematics and information technology (ICMIT), IEEE, Adrar, Algiers, December 4–5, pp 214–221

  6. Houimli M, Kahloul L (2017) Modeling and performance evaluation of protocols in mobile wireless sensor networks. International conference on broadband and wireless computing, communication and applications, Springer, Cham, November 8–10. Palau Macaya, Barcelona, Spain, pp 328–339

  7. Cambronero ME, Maci H, Valero V, Orozco-Barbosa L (2018) Modeling and analysis of the 1-wire communication protocol using timed colored petri nets. IEEE Access 6(1):27356–27372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Atmani M, Assani D, Hadjadj-Aoul Y (2018) Towards bandwidth and energy optimization in IEEE 802.15. 4 wireless sensor networks. Computing 100(6):597–620201

  9. CPN Tools. http://www.cpntools.org. Accessed May (2020)

  10. German R, Heindl A (1999) Performance evaluation of IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs with stochastic Petri nets. In: Proceedings 8th international workshop on petri nets and performance models (Cat. No. PR00331), IEEE, pp 44–53

  11. Heindl A, German R (2001) Performance modeling of IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs with stochastic Petri nets. Perform Eval 44(1–4):139–164

  12. Neto JM, da Rocha Neto JS, Gorgnio K, Perkusich A (2017) Modeling CSMA-CA protocol with coloured petri nets for wireless sensor networks applications. In: 17 International conference on software telecommunications and computer networks (SofCOM)

  13. Masri A, Bourdeaud’Huy T, Toguyeni A (2009) Performance analysis of IEEE 802.11 b wireless networks with object oriented Petri nets. Electron Notes Theor Comput Sci 242(2):73–85

  14. Shuaib AH, Mahmoodi T, Aghvami AH (2009) A timed Petri Net model for the IEEE 802.15. 4 CSMA-CA process. In: 2009 IEEE 20th international symposium on personal, indoor and mobile radio communications, IEEE, pp 1204–1210

  15. Hammal Y, Ben-Othman J, Mokdad L, Abdelli A (2014) Formal modeling and verification of an enhanced variant of the IEEE 802.11 CSMA/CA protocol. J Commun Netw 16(4):385–396

  16. Hu X, Jiao L (2017) Efficient modeling and performance analysis for IEEE 802.15. 4 with coloured Petri nets. In: 2017 IEEE/ACM 25th international symposium on quality of service (IWQoS), IEEE, June 14–16 Cantabria Spain, pp 1–6

  17. Murata T (1984) Petri nets and their application an introduction. Management and office information systems. Springer, Boston, MA, pp 351–368

    Google Scholar 

  18. Jensen K (1993) An introduction to the theoretical aspects of coloured petri nets. Workshop/school/symposium of the REX project (research and education in concurrent systems). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 230–272

  19. Attia HB, Kahloul L, Benhazrallah S, Bourekkache S (2020) Using hierarchical timed coloured petri nets in the formal study of TRBAC security policies. Int J Inf Secur 19(2):163–187

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Uppaal. http://www.uppaal.org. Accessed October 2019

  21. Kanovich M, Ito T (1997) Temporal linear logic specifications for concurrent processes. In: Proceedings of twelfth annual IEEE symposium on logic in computer science, IEEE, pp 48–57

  22. Bergstra JS, Bardenet R, Bengio Y, Kgl B (2011) Algorithms for hyper-parameter optimization. In: Advances in neural information processing systems, pp 2546–2554

  23. Rumelhart DE, Hinton GE, Williams RJ (1986) Learning representations by back-propagating errors. Nature 323(6088):533–536

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. LINFI Laboratory, Computer Science Department, Biskra University, Biskra, Algeria

    Siham Zroug & Laid Kahloul

  2. Computer Science Department, Batna 2 University, Batna, Algeria

    Saber Benharzallah

  3. LISSI LAB, University Paris Est-Creteil, Avenue du General de Gaulle 9400, Creteil, France

    Karim Djouani

  4. Tshwane University of Technology, Staatsartillerie Rd., 0183, Pretoria, South Africa

    Karim Djouani

Authors
  1. Siham Zroug
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Laid Kahloul
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Saber Benharzallah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Karim Djouani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Siham Zroug.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Zroug, S., Kahloul, L., Benharzallah, S. et al. A hierarchical formal method for performance evaluation of WSNs protocol. Computing 103, 1183–1208 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-020-00898-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-020-00898-3

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classification

Search

Navigation