Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Performance evaluation of compromised synchronization control mechanism for distributed virtual environment (DVE)

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Virtual Reality Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Synchronization in a distributed virtual environment (DVE) involves mechanisms to ensure a consistent view of a virtual world for all participants. Most applications in the DVE are related to collaborative activities that include non-contention and contention cases. Using transmission of update messages is suitable enough to support synchronization for only non-contention activity. The contention activity requires an additional mechanism to control accessing a common object for synchronization. In this paper, we present the compromised synchronization control mechanism to support both non-contention and contention activities. The mechanism employs frequent update event and multiple-lock checking to control the synchronization. Frequent update event is used to support a dynamic virtual world for non-contention activity. Multiple-lock checking is embedded to ensure consistency when accessing the common object is required simultaneously for the contention event. Performance measurement of the compromised synchronization is provided by simulation in terms of locking time, sampling event, number of logical processes, and traffic tolerance. Prototype application is also implemented to compare the result in a small scale level. Based on the simulation and experimental results, the compromised sychronization control mechanism is capable to support up to 100 participants for the non-contention activity. It provides a good performance of supporting the contention activity in a small scale. The mechanism is considered suitable for collaborative application where contention is considered a critical event.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Mastaglio TW, Callahan R (1995) A large-scale complex virtual environment for team training. Computer 28(7):49–56

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Mastaglio TW (1994) Developing a large-scale distributed interactive simulation system. In: Proceedings of the winter simulation conference, pp 770–774

  3. Berglund EJ, Cheriton DR (1985) Amaze—a multiplayer computer game. IEEE Software 2-1:30–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Pearce C (1997) Beyond shoot your friends—a call to arms in the battle against violence. In: Clark D (ed) Digital illusion. ACM Press, New York

  5. Bible SR, Brutzman D, Zyda M (1995) Using spread spectrum ranging techniques for position tracking in virtual environment. In: Proceedings of Network Realities

  6. Anupam V, Bajaj CL (1994) Shastra—multimedia collaborative design environment. IEEE Multimedia Summer 1(2):39–49

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Ferscha A, Johnson J (1999) Distributed interaction in virtual spaces. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on distributed interactive simulation and real-time applications. IEEE Computer Society Press, pp 5–13

  8. Brutzman D (1995) Virtual world visualization for an autonomous underwater vehicle. In: Proceedings of IEEE Oceans Conference, pp 1592–1600

  9. Hagsand O (1996) Interactive multiuser VEs in DIVE system. IEEE Multimedia 3(1):30–39

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Benford S, Bowers J, Fahlen LE, Greenhalgh C, Mariani J, Rodden T (1995) Networked virtual reality and collaborative work. Presence 4(4):364–368

    Google Scholar 

  11. Shaw C, Green M (1993) The MR Toolkit peer package and experiment. In: Proceedings of IEEE virtual reality annual international symposium, pp 463–469

  12. Lui JCS, Chan MF, Chan TF, Cheung WS, Kwong WW (1997) Virtual exploration and information retrieval system—design and implementation. In: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop multimedia information systems

  13. Shirmohammadi S, Georganas ND (2000) Collaborating in 3D virtual environments—a synchronous architecture. In: Proceedings of the 9th IEEE international workshops on enabling technologies: infrastructure for collaborative enterprises, pp 35–42

  14. Lui JCS (2001) Constructing communication subgraphs and deriving an optimal synchronization interval for distributed virtual environment systems. IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng 13(5):778–792

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Miller DC, Thorpe JA (1995) SIMNET—The advent of simulator networking. Proc IEEE 83(8):1114–1123

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Pullen JM, Wood DC (1995) Networking technology an DIS. Proc IEEE 83(8):1156–1167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Macedonia MR, Brutzman DP, Zyda MJ, Pratt DR, Barham PT (1995) NPSNET—a multi-player 3D virtual environment over the internet. In: Proceedings of ACM symposium on interactive 3D graphics, pp 93–94

  18. Das TK, Singh G, Mitchell A, Kumar PS, McGee M (1997) Developing social virtual worlds using NetEffect. In: Proceedings of the 6th workshop on enabling technologies: infrastructure for collaborative enterprises, pp 148–154

  19. Das TK, Singh G, Mitchell A, Kumar PS, McGee K (1997) NetEffect—a network architecture for large scale multi user virtual worlds. In: Proceedings of the ACM symposium on virtual reality software and technology, pp 157–163

  20. Vince J (1995) Virtual reality, systems. Addison-Wesley, Singapore

    Google Scholar 

  21. Fujimoto RM (2000) Parallel and distributed simulation systems. Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  22. Singhal S, Zyda M (1999) Networked virtual environments, design and implementation. Addison-Wesley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  23. Oliveira JC, Shirmohammadi S, Georganas ND (1999) Distributed virtual environment standards—a performance evaluation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM 3rd international workshop on distributed interactive simulation and real time applications, pp 14–21

  24. Churchill EF, Snowdon N, Munro JA (2002) Collaborative virtual environment, digital places and spaces for interaction. Springer, Great Britain

    Google Scholar 

  25. Wang YM (1997) Consistent global checkpoints that contain a given set of local checkpoints. IEEE Trans Comput 46(4):456–468

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  26. Lomow G, Das SR, Fujimoto RM (1991) Mechanisms for user-invoked retraction of events in time warp. ACM Trans Model Comput Simulation 1(3):219–243

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  27. Ghosh K, Fujimoto RM (1991) Parallel discrete event simulation using space-time memory. In: Proceedings of international conference on parallel processing, vol 3, pp 201–208

  28. Cheung S, Loper M (1994) Synchronizing simulations in distributed interactive simulation. In: Proceedings of the winter simulation conference, pp 1316–1323

  29. Wieland F, Hawley L (1989) Distributed Combat Simulation and Time Warp—the model and its performance. In: Proceedings of SCS multiconference on distributed simulation, vol 21, pp 14–20

  30. Cai W, Lee FBS, Chen L (1999) An auto-adaptive dead reckoning algorithm for distributed interactive simulation. Proceedings of IEEE, pp 82–89

  31. Pullen M (1999) Reliable multicast network transport for distributed virtual simulation. In: Proceedings of IEEE workshop on distributed interactive simulations and real-time applications, pp 59–66

  32. Hofer RC, Loper ML (1995) DIS today. Proc IEEE 83(8):1124–1137

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Dahmann JS (1997) High level architecture for simulation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM 1st international workshop on distributed interactive simulation and real time applications, pp 9–14

  34. Pullen M, Myjak M, Bouwens C (1999) Limitations of internet protocol suite for distributed simulation in large multicast environment. Request for Comments (RFC) 2502

  35. Shen X, Hage R, Georganas N (1999) Agent-aided collaborative virtual environments over HLA/RTI. In: Proceedings of the IEEE/ACM 3rd international workshop on distributed interactive simulation and real time applications, pp 128–136

  36. Nakamura N, Nemoto K, Shinohara K (1994) Distributed virtual reality system for collaborative work. NEC Res Dev 35(4):403–409

    Google Scholar 

  37. Anupam V, Bajai C, Schikore D, Schikore M (1994) Distributed and collaborative visulization. Computer 27(7):37–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Wongwirat O, Sathitwiriyawong C, Ohara S (2000) Optimistic synchronization mechanism for distributed simulation applications in shared virtual environment. In: Proceeding of the 2000 Asia-Pacific symposium on broadcasting and communications, pp 302–306

  39. Wongwirat O, Sathitwiriyawong C, Ohara S (2001) Delay effect simulation of multiple-lock checking algorithm for distributed shared virtual environment. In: Proceedings of EUROIMAGE international conference on augmented, virtual environments, and 3D imaging, pp 101–104

  40. Wongwirat O, Sathitwiriyawong C, Ohara S (2001) Performance evaluation of traffic congestion for multiple-lock checking algorithm in distributed share virtual environment applications. In: Proceedings of IEEE Region10 international conference on electrical and electronic technology, pp 129–132

  41. Bondavalli A, Gregori E (1989) Concurrency control in OSI transactional environments. In: Network information processing systems. Elsevier Science, North-Holland

  42. Effect of propagation delays on communication quality. International Telecommunications Union, Recommendation ITU SG12, delayed contribution 44, 1990

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge for all contributions and supports from Research Center for Communications and Information Technology (ReCCIT), KMITL, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), and Department of Information Media Technology, Tokai University.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Information Technology and Research Center for Communications and Information Technology, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, 10520, Thailand

    Olarn Wongwirat

  2. Department of Information Media Technology, School of Information Technology and Electronics Tokai University, Kanagawa, 259-121, Japan

    Shigeyuki Ohara

Authors
  1. Olarn Wongwirat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shigeyuki Ohara
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Olarn Wongwirat.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Wongwirat, O., Ohara, S. Performance evaluation of compromised synchronization control mechanism for distributed virtual environment (DVE). Virtual Reality 9, 1–16 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-005-0158-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-005-0158-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation