Skip to main content
Log in

The sales force sizing problem with multi-period workload assignments, and service time windows

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Central European Journal of Operations Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This work introduces the sales force sizing problem with multi-period workload assignments, and service time windows. The motivation of the problem arises from a real life situation faced by a goods distribution company. The problem consists in determining the size of the sales force (i.e. the number of vendors to hire) and their daily schedules, within a planning horizon, to serve a set of customers in order to minimize the total nominal wage. There are different categories of customers and each customer has multiple time windows depending on the service day. Furthermore, the nominal wage of a hired vendor is determined by the most expensive category of the customers he serves. A mixed integer linear formulation and a heuristic are proposed for this problem. The performance of the heuristic algorithm is assessed over a set of instances adapted from literature. Computational results reveal the efficiency and scalability of the proposed procedure, providing a better tradeoff in terms of solution quality and running time than a commercial solver.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Amador-Fontalvo JE, Paternina-Arboleda CD, Montoya-Torres JR (2014) Solving the heterogeneous vehicle routing problem with time windows and multiple products via a bacterial meta-heuristic. Int J Adv Oper Manag 6(1):81–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldacci R, Battarra M, Vigo D (2008) Routing a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles. In: Golden BL, Raghavan S, Wasil EA (eds) The vehicle routing problem: latest advances and new challenges. Springer, Boston, pp 3–27

  • Belfiore PP, Fávero LPL (2007) Scatter search for the fleet size and mix vehicle routing problem with time windows. CEJOR 15(4):351–368

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Borsani V, Matta A, Beschi G, Sommaruga F (2006) A home care scheduling model for human resources. In: 2006 international conference on service systems and service management, vol 1, pp 449–454

  • Bräysy O, Gendreau M (2005a) Vehicle routing problem with time windows, part I: route construction and local search algorithms. Transp Sci 39(1):104–118

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bräysy O, Gendreau M (2005b) Vehicle routing problem with time windows, part II: metaheuristics. Transp Sci 39(1):119–139

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Caceres-Cruz J, Arias P, Guimarans D, Riera D, Juan AA (2014) Rich vehicle routing problem: survey. ACM Comput Surv 47(2):32:1–32:28

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cappanera P, Gouveia L, Scutellà MG (2011) The skill vehicle routing problem. In: Proceedings of the network optimization: 5th international conference, INOC 2011, Hamburg, Germany, June 13–16, 2011. Springer, Berlin, pp 354–364

  • Cappanera P, Gouveia L, Scutellà MG (2012) Models and valid inequalities to asymmetric skill-based routing problems. EURO J Transp Logist 2(1):29–55

    Google Scholar 

  • Cappanera P, Scutellà MG Visintin F (2014) Home care services delivery: equity versus efficiency in optimization models. In: Proceedings of the international conference on health care systems engineering. Springer International Publishing, pp 1–13

  • Chao IM, Golden B, Wasil E (1999) A computational study of a new heuristic for the site-dependent vehicle routing problem. Inf Syst Oper Res 37(3):319–336

    Google Scholar 

  • Cordeau JF, Laporte G (2001) A tabu search algorithm for the site dependent vehicle routing problem with time windows. Inf Syst Oper Res 39(3):292–298

    Google Scholar 

  • Dantzig GB, Ramser JH (1959) The truck dispatching problem. Manag Sci 6(1):80–91

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dell’Amico M, Monaci M, Pagani C, Vigo D (2007) Heuristic approaches for the fleet size and mix vehicle routing problem with time windows. Transp Sci 41(4):516–526

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dullaert W, Janssens GK, Srensen K, Vernimmen B (2002) New heuristics for the fleet size and mix vehicle routing problem with time windows. J Oper Res Soc 53(11):1232–1238

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Francis PM, Smilowitz KR, Tzur M (2008) The period vehicle routing problem and its extensions. In: Golden BL, Raghavan S, Wasil EA (eds) The vehicle routing problem: latest advances and new challenges. Springer, Boston, pp 73–102

  • Gheysens F, Golden B, Assad A (1984) A comparison of techniques for solving the fleet size and mix vehicle routing problem. Oper Res Spektrum 6(4):207–216

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goel A, Gruhn V (2006) Solving a dynamic real-life vehicle routing problem. In: Operations research proceedings 2005: selected papers of the annual international conference of the German Operations Research Society (GOR). Springer, Berlin, pp 367–372

  • Goel A, Gruhn V (2008) A general vehicle routing problem. Eur J Oper Res 191(3):650–660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Golden B, Assad A, Levy L, Gheysens F (1984) The fleet size and mix vehicle routing problem. Comput Oper Res 11(1):49–66

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hasle G, Kloster O (2007) Industrial vehicle routing. In: Hasle G, Lie K-A, Quak E (eds) Geometric modelling, numerical simulation, and optimization: applied mathematics at SINTEF. Springer, Berlin, pp 397–435

  • Hertel L, Gautam N (2004) A mathematical programming model for scheduling pharmaceutical sales representatives. In: Proceeding of the industrial engineering research conference

  • Hoff A, Andersson H, Christiansen M, Hasle G, Lkketangen A (2010) Industrial aspects and literature survey: fleet composition and routing. Comput Oper Res 37(12):2041–2061

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kallehauge B, Larsen J, Madsen OB, Solomon MM (2005) Vehicle routing problem with time windows. In: Desaulniers G, Desrosiers J, Solomon MM (eds) Column generation. Springer, Boston, pp 67–98

  • Lahyani R, Khemakhem M, Semet F (2015) Rich vehicle routing problems: from a taxonomy to a definition. Eur J Oper Res 241(1):1–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Laporte G (2009) Fifty years of vehicle routing. Transp Sci 43(4):408–416

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Liu FH, Shen SY (1999) The fleet size and mix vehicle routing problem with time windows. J Oper Res Soc 50(7):721–732

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Paraskevopoulos DC, Laporte G, Repoussis PP, Tarantilis CD (2016) Resource constrained routing and scheduling: review and research prospects. Tech. Rep. CIRRELT-2016-03, CIRRELT

  • Pellegrini P (2005) Application of two nearest neighbor approaches to a rich vehicle routing problem. Tech. Rep. TR/IRIDIA/2005-15, Université Libre de Bruxelles

  • Pellegrini P, Favaretto D, Moretti E (2007) Multiple ant colony optimization for a rich vehicle routing problem: a case study. Knowledge-based intelligent information and engineering systems: 11th international conference, KES 2007, XVII Italian workshop on neural networks, Vietri sul Mare, Italy, September 12–14, 2007. Proceedings, part II, Springer, Heidelberg, pp 627–634

  • Schwarze S (2015) Pricing strategies for the site-dependent vehicle routing problem. OR Spectr 38(1):137–173

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarze S, Voß S (2013) Improved load balancing and resource utilization for the skill vehicle routing problem. Optim Lett 7(8):1805–1823. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11590-012-0524-2

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schwarze S, Voß S (2015). A Bicriteria skill vehicle routing problem with time windows and an application to pushback operations at airports. In: Logistics management: products, actors, technology—proceedings of the german academic association for business research, Bremen, 2013. Springer International Publishing, pp 289–300

  • Tricoire F, Romauch M, Doerner KF, Hartl RF (2010) Heuristics for the multi-period orienteering problem with multiple time windows. Comput Oper Res 37(2):351–367

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tricoire F, Bostel N, Dejax P, Guez P (2013) Exact and hybrid methods for the multiperiod field service routing problem. CEJOR 21(2):359–377

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Van den Bergh J, Beliën J, Bruecker PD, Demeulemeester E, Boeck LD (2013) Personnel scheduling: a literature review. Eur J Oper Res 226(3):367–385

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vidal T, Crainic TG, Gendreau M, Prins C (2014) A unified solution framework for multi-attribute vehicle routing problems. Eur J Oper Res 234(3):658–673

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wen M, Krapper E, Larsen J, Stidsen TK (2011) A multilevel variable neighborhood search heuristic for a practical vehicle routing and driver scheduling problem. Networks 58(4):311–322

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yalçindağ S, Cappanera P, Scutellà MG, Şahin E, Matta A (2016) Pattern-based decompositions for human resource planning in home health care services. Comput Oper Res 73:12–26

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank CJOR reviewers for many helpful comments. This study was partially funded by UANL-PAICYT (Grant No. IT480-15), and by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (Grant No. CB-2013/220811).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Romeo Sanchez Nigenda.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Salazar-Aguilar, M.A., Boyer, V., Nigenda, R.S. et al. The sales force sizing problem with multi-period workload assignments, and service time windows. Cent Eur J Oper Res 27, 199–218 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10100-017-0501-z

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10100-017-0501-z

Keywords

Navigation