Skip to main content
Log in

Intelligent agents for the management of complexity in multimodal biometrics

  • Long paper
  • Published:
Universal Access in the Information Society Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Current approaches to personal identity authentication using a single biometric technology are limited, principally because no single biometric is generally considered both sufficiently accurate and user-acceptable for universal application. Multimodal biometrics can provide a more adaptable solution to the security and convenience requirements of many applications. However, such an approach can also lead to additional complexity in the design and management of authentication systems. Additionally, complex hierarchies of security levels and interacting user/provider requirements demand that authentication systems are adaptive and flexible in configuration.

In this paper we consider the integration of multimodal biometrics using intelligent agents to address issues of complexity management. The work reported here is part of a major project designated IAMBIC (Intelligent Agents for Multimodal Biometric Identification and Control), aimed at exploring the application of the intelligent agent metaphor to the field of biometric authentication. The paper provides an introduction to a first-level architecture for such a system, and demonstrates how this architecture can provide a framework for the effective control and management of access to data and systems where issues of privacy, confidentiality and trust are of primary concern. Novel approaches to software agent design and agent implementation strategies required for this architecture are also highlighted. The paper further shows how such a structure can define a fundamental paradigm to support the realisation of “universal access” in situations where data integrity and confidentiality must be robustly and reliably protected .

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Deravi F, Lockie M (2000) Biometric industry report – market and technology forecasts to 2003. Elsevier Advanced Technology, Oxford

  2. Jain A, Bolle R, Pankanti S (eds) (1999) Biometrics: personal identification in networked society. Kluwer, Boston, MA

  3. Chibelushi CC, Deravi F, Mason JSD (1999) Adaptive classifier integration for robust pattern recognition. IEEE Trans Syst, Man Cybernet – Part B: Cybernet 29(6):902–907

  4. Nahin PJ, Pokoski JL (1980) NCTR plus sensor fusion equals IFFN or can two plus two equal five? IEEE Trans Aerospace Electron Syst 16:320–337

  5. Su Q, Silsbee PL (1996) Robust audiovisual integration using semicontinuous hidden Markov models. In: Proceedings of the fourth international conference on spoken language processing, vol 1, pp 42–45

  6. Wagner T, Dieckmann U (1994) Multi-sensorial inputs for the identification of persons with synergetic computers. Proceedings of the first IEEE international conference on image processing, vol 2, pp 287–291

  7. Dasarathy BV (1991) Decision fusion strategies in multisensor environments. IEEE Trans Syst, Man Cybernet 21(5):1140–1154

  8. Chibelushi CC, Mason JSD, Deravi F (1997) Feature-level data fusion for bimodal person recognition. In: Proceedings of the sixth IEE international conference on image processing and its applications, pp 399–403

  9. Chibelushi CC, Deravi F, Mason JSD (1997) Audiovisual person recognition: an evaluation of data fusion strategies. Proceedings of the second European conference on security and detection, pp 26–30

  10. Chen K, Wang L, Chi H (1997) Methods of combining multiple classifiers with different features and their applications to text-independent speaker recognition. Pattern Recogn Artificial Intell 11(3):417–445

  11. Ho TK, Hull JJ, Srihari SN (1994) Decision combination in multiple classifier systems. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 16:66–75

  12. Lam L, Suen CY (1997) Application of majority voting to pattern recognition: an analysis of its behaviour and performance. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 27:553–568

  13. Rahman AFR, Fairhurst MC (1999) Enhancing multiple expert decision combination strategies through exploitation of a priori information sources. IEE Proc Vis Image Signal Process 146:40–49

  14. Fairhurst MC, Rahman AFR (2000) Enhancing consensus in multiple expert decision fusion. IEE Proc Vis Image Signal Process 147:39–46

  15. Meier U, Hurst W, Duchnowski P (1996) Adaptive bimodal sensor fusion for automatic speechreading. Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on acoustics, speech, and signal processing, vol 2, pp 833–836

  16. Wooldridge M, Jennings NR (1995) Intelligent agents: theory and practice. Knowledge Eng Rev 10(2):115–152

  17. Jennings NR, Sycara K, Wooldridge M (1998) A roadmap of agent research and development. In: Autonomous agents and multi-agent systems, vol 1, Kluwer, Boston, MA, pp 275–306

  18. Sandholm T, Lesser V (1995) Issues in automated negotiation and electronic commerce: extending the contract net protocol. In: Proceedings of the first international conference on multiagent systems (ICMAS-95), San Francisco, CA, pp 328–335

  19. Zheng D, Sycara K (1997) Benefits of learning in negotiation. In: Proceedings of the fourteenth national conference on AI, AAAI-97, Providence, RI, July 1997, pp 36–41

  20. Pollack ME, Ringuette M (1999) Introducing the tileworld: experimentally evaluating agent architectures. Proceedings of the eighth national conference on AI, AAAI-90, Boston, MA, pp 183–189

  21. Wooldridge M (1997) Agent-based software engineering. IEEE Trans Software Eng 144(1):26–37

  22. Mayfield J, Labrou Y, Finin T (1996) Evaluating KQML as an agent communication language. In: Intelligent agents II (Lect. Notes Artif. Intell. vol 1037), Springer, Berlin, pp 347–360

  23. Ross A, Jain A, Qian J-Z (2001) Information fusion in biometrics. In: Third international conference on audio- and video-based biometric person authentication, AVBPA 2001, Halmstad, Sweden, June 6–8, 2001 (Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. vol 2091), Springer, Berlin, pp 354–359

  24. Verlinde P, Druyts P, Chollet G, Acheroy M (1999) A multi-level data fusion approach for gradually upgrading the performance of identity verification systems. In: Proc SPIE – The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol 3719, pp 14–25

  25. Hong L, Jain A (1997) Integrating faces and fingerprints for personal identification. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Machine Intell 20(12):1295–1307

  26. Arazy O, Woo CC (1999) Analysis and design of agent-oriented information systems (AOIS). University of British Columbia, Working Paper 99-MIS-004

  27. Wooldridge W, Jennings NR (2000) The GAIA methodology for agent-oriented analysis and design. Autonomous Agents Multi-Agent Syst 3:285–312

  28. Odell J, Van Dyke Parunak H, Bauer B (2000) Extending UML for agents. In: Wagner G, Lesperance Y, Yu E (eds) Proceedings of the agent-oriented information systems (AOIS) workshop at the 17th national conference on artificial intelligence, Austin, TX, pp 3–17

  29. Iglesias CA, Garijo M, Gonzalez JC, Velasco JR (1998) Analysis and design of multiagent systems using MAS-commonKADS. In: Singh MP, Rao A, Wooldridge MJ (eds) Proceedings of the 4th international workshop on agent theories, architectures, and languages (ATAL97) (Lect. Notes Artif. Intell. vol 1365), Springer, Berlin, pp 313–328

  30. Finin T, Fritzson R, McKay D, McEntire R (1994) KQML as an agent communication language. Proceedings of 3rd international conference on information and knowledge management (CIKM94), ACM Press

  31. SACI simple agent communication infrastructure. A KQML implementation – Universidade de São Paulo – http://www.lti.pcs.usp.br/saci/

  32. Poslad S, Buckle P, Hadingham R (2000) The FIPA-OS agent platform: open source for open standards. In: proceedings of the 5th international conference and exhibition on the practical application of intelligent agents and multi-agents, pp 355–368

  33. FIPA-OS, an open source implementation of the mandatory elements contained within the FIPA specification for agent interoperability. Nortel Networks, http://www.nortelnetworks.com/fipa-os

  34. Java Message Service, Sun Microsystems Corporation, http://java.sun.com/products/jms/jms-092-spec.pdf

  35. XML, Extensible Markup Language, http://www.w3.org/XML/

  36. Borking JJ, van Eck BMA, Siepel P (1999) Intelligent software agents and privacy. Registratiekamer, The Hague, ISBN 90 74087 13 2

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to F. Deravi.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Deravi, F., Fairhurst, M., Guest, R. et al. Intelligent agents for the management of complexity in multimodal biometrics. UAIS 2, 293–304 (2003). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-002-0039-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-002-0039-1

Keywords

Navigation