Skip to main content
Log in

e-Government online forms: design guidelines for older adults in Europe

  • Long Paper
  • Published:
Universal Access in the Information Society Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper reports on the findings of Delivering Inclusive Access to Disabled and Elderly Members of the community (DIADEM), a 3-year project, funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme, to assist older adults when accessing, completing, and submitting online forms, by developing web-based assistive technologies that adapt the online form according to users’ needs. A user-centred approach is adopted to gain insights into the challenges faced by 80 older adults in three European countries as they interact with a representative sample of public service-based online forms. A thematic analysis is then carried out on the data, which revealed five over-arching themes that relate to the challenges faced by users: assistance, trust, layout, the technology paradigm, and language. From these themes, 23 online form design guidelines are derived, which provide valuable guidance for the development of the DIADEM application and for e-Government online form design for an ageing population in general.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Commission, E.: Eurostat—population data. Available from: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page?_pageid=1996,45323734&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL&screen=welcomeref&open=/&product=REF_TB_population&depth=2 (2009). Cited 06 Feb 2009

  2. Grundy, E.: The epidemiology of aging. In: Tallis, R.C., Fillit, H.M. (eds.) Brocklehurst’s Textbook of Geriatric Medicine and Gerontology. Churchill Livingstone, London (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Lines, L., Ikechi, O., Hone,K.S.: Accessing e-Government services: design requirements for the older user. In: Constantine S. (ed.) Universal Access in Human–Computer Interaction. Applications and Services, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 4868, pp. 932–940. Springer, Berlin (2007)

  4. Peterson, R.C., et al.: Aging, memory, and mild cognitive impairment. Int. Psychogeriatr. 9(1), 65–69 (1997)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Christensen, H.: What cognitive changes can be expected with normal ageing? Aust. N. Z. J. Psychiatry 35, 768–775 (2001)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Mioshi, E., Dawson, K., Mitchell, J.: The Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination Revised (ACE-R): a brief cognitive test battery for dimentia screening. Int. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry 21(11), 1078–1085 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Smith, G.E., Petersen, R.C., Parisi, J.E.: Definition, course, and outcome of mild cognitive impairment. Aging Neuropsychol. Cogn. 3, 141–147 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Czaja, S.J., Lee, C.C.: Information technology and older adults. In: Sears, A., Jacko, J.A. (eds.) The Human Computer Interaction Handbook, pp. 777–792. Lawrence Erlbaum, London (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Commission, E.: Eurostat—science and technology data. Available from: http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/portal/page?_pageid=0,1136250,0_45572555&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL (2009). Cited 06 Feb 2009

  10. Morrell, R.W., Mayhorn, C.B., Bennett, J.: A survey of World Wide Web in middle-aged and older adults. Hum. Factors 42(2), 175–182 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. W3C.: Web content accessibility guidelines (WCAG) 2.0. Available from: http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/ (2008). Cited 09 Sep 2009

  12. Administration, U.S.G.S.: Section 508 standards. Available from: http://www.section508.gov/index.cfm?FuseAction=content&ID=12 (1998). Cited 02 Sep 2008

  13. Hawthorn, D.: Possible implications of aging for interface designers. Interact. Comput. 12(5), 507–528 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Echt, K.V.: Designing web-based health information for older adults: visual considerations and design directives. In: Morrell, R.W. (ed.) Older Adults, Health Information, and the World Wide Web. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc, Hillsdale (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Morrell, R.W., et al.: Older Adults and Information Technology: A Compendium of Scientific Research and Web Site Accessibility Guidelines. National Institute on Aging and National Library of Medicine, Bethesda (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Morrell, R.W.: The process of construction and revision in the development of a model web site for use by older adults. Univ. Access Inf. Soc. 4(1), 24–38 (2005). http://www.nihseniorhealth.gov

  17. Kurniawan, S., Zaphiris, P.: Research-derived web design guidelines for older people. In: 7th International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, ACM Press, pp. 129–135. (2005)

  18. Nielsen, J., Norman, D.: Web usability for senior citizens: 46 design guidelines based on usability studies with people age 65 and older. Nielsen Norman Group (2002)

  19. Sayago, S., Blat, J.: Some aspects of designing accessible online forms for the young elderly. In: Third International Conference on Web Information Systems and Technologies, pp. 13–18. INSTICC Press, Barcelona (2007)

  20. Arch, A.: Web accessibility for older users: a literature review. Available from: http://www.w3.org/TR/wai-age-literature/ (2008). Cited 10 Aug 2008

  21. Lines, L., Patel, Y., Hone, K.S.: Online form design: older adults’ access to housing and welfare services. In: HCI and the Older Population Workshop. HCI, Leeds (2004)

  22. Badre, A.N.: Shaping Web Usability: Interaction Design in Context. Addison Wesley, Boston (2002)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Folstein, M.F., Folstein, S.E., McHugh, P.R.: Mini-mental state. A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. J. Psychiatr. Res. 12(3), 189–198 (1975)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Crum, R.M., Anthony, J.C., Basset, S.S., Folstein, M.F.: Population-based norms for the Mini-Mental State Examination by age and educational level. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 269(18), 2386–2391 (1993)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Folstein, M.F., Folstein, S.E., McHugh, P.R., Fanjiang, G.: Mini-Mental State Examination: User’s Guide. Psychological Assessment Resources, Lutz (2001)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Miller, S., Jarrett, C.: Should I use a drop down? Four steps for choosing form elements on the Web, vol. 1–9. Effortmark Ltd. URL: http://www.formsthatwork.com/ftp/dropdown.pdf (2001). Accessed Oct 2006

  27. Money, A.G., Elliman, A.D., Fernando, S., Lines, L.: Online form complexity assessment for developing assistive technologies. In: 14th Americas Conference on Information Systems. Toronto, Canada (accepted)

  28. Sheffield-City-Council.: Tell us you’ve moved. Available from: http://www.sheffield.gov.uk/council-tax/if-you-move-home/tell-us-you-have-moved (2009). Cited 20 Feb 2009

  29. More.: Safety alarm application form. Available from: https://www.more.no/more/wizard/wizard.jsp?wizardid=2517 (2009). Cited 24 Feb 2009

  30. City-of-Turin.: Self-certification of the civil status of people form. Available from: http://www.comune.torino.it/autocertificazione/auto.htm (2009). Cited 18 Feb 2009

  31. Boyatzis, R.E.: Transforming Qualitative Information: Thematic Analysis and Code Development. Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Taylor, S.J., Bogdan, R.: Introduction to Qualitative Research Methods: The Search for Meanings. Wiley, New York (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Silverman, D.: Doing Qualitative Research. Sage Publications, London (2005)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Joffe, H., Yardley, L.: Content and thematic analysis. In: Marks, D.F., Yardley, L. (eds.) Research Methods for Clinical and Health Psychology. Sage Publications, London (2004)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Dey, I.: Qualitative Data Analysis: A User-Friendly Guide for Social Scientists. Routledge, London (1993)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  36. Jones, J., Hunter, D.: Qualitative research: consensus methods for medical and health services research. Br. Med. J. 7001(311), 376–380 (1995)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Black, N., et al.: Consensus development methods: a review of best practice in creating clinical guidelines. J. Health Serv. Res. Policy 4(4), 236–248 (1999)

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  38. Braun, V., Clarke, V.: Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual. Res. Psychol. 3, 77–101 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Thompson, W., Hickey, J.: Society in Focus, 6th edn. Pearson, Boston (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Rapcsak, S.Z., Arthur, S.A., Blicklen, D.A., Rubens, A.: Lexical agraphia in Alzheimers disease. Arch. Neurol. 46(1), 65–68 (1989)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Hughes, J.C., Graham, N., Patterson, K., Hodges, J.R.: Dysgraphia in mild mementia of Alzheimer’s type. Neuropsychologia 34(4), 533–545 (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  42. BBC.: Court case data CD’s lost in post. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/7204399.stm (2009). Accessed Sept 2009

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arthur G. Money.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Money, A.G., Lines, L., Fernando, S. et al. e-Government online forms: design guidelines for older adults in Europe. Univ Access Inf Soc 10, 1–16 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-010-0191-y

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-010-0191-y

Keywords

Navigation