Skip to main content
Log in

A comparative study of fault density prediction in aspect-oriented systems using MLP, RBF, KNN, RT, DENFIS and SVR models

  • Published:
Artificial Intelligence Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper investigates and empirically evaluates and compares six popular computational intelligence models in the context of fault density prediction in aspect-oriented systems. These models are multi-layer perceptron (MLP), radial basis function (RBF), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), regression tree (RT), dynamic evolving neuro-fuzzy inference system (DENFIS), and support vector regression (SVR). The models were trained and tested, using leave-one-out procedure, on a dataset that consists of twelve aspect-level metrics (explanatory variables) that measure different structural properties of an aspect. It was observed that the DENFIS, SVR, and RT models were more accurate in predicting fault density compared to the MLP, RBF, and KNN models. The MLP model was the worst model, and all the other models were significantly better than it.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Basili V, Briand L, Melo W (1996) A validation of object-oriented design metrics as quality indicators. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 22: 751–761

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop C (1995) Neural networks for pattern recognition. Oxford University Press, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Briand L, Wust J, Daly J, Porter V (2000) Exploring the relationships between design measures and software quality in object-oriented systems. J Syst Softw 51: 245–273

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Buhmann M, Albowitz M (2003) Radial basis functions:theory and implementations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Burges C (1998) A tutorial on support vector machines for pattern recognition. Data Min Knowl Discov 2: 121–167

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ceylan E, Kutlubay F, Bener A (2006) Software defect identification using machine learning techniques. In: The 32nd EUROMICRO conference on software engineering and advanced applications (EUROMICRO-SEAA’06), pp 240–247

  • Conte S, Dunsmore H, Shen V (1986) Software engineering metrics and models. Benjamin/Cummings, Menlo Park

    Google Scholar 

  • Cristianini N, Shawe-Taylor J (2000) An introduction to support vector machines and other kernel-based learning methods. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Duda R, Hart P, Stork D (2001) Pattern classification, 2nd edn. wiley, New York

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • El-EmamKMeloW Machado J (2001) The prediction of faulty classes using object- oriented design metrics. J Syst Softw 56: 63–75

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elish K, Elish M (2008) Predicting defect-prone software modules using support vector machines. J Syst Softw 81: 649–660

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Filman R, Elrad T, Clarke S, Aksit M (2004) Aspect-oriented software development. Addison-Wesley Professional, Reading

    Google Scholar 

  • Fioravanti F, Nesi P (2001) A study on fault-proneness detection of object-oriented systems. In: Fifth European conference on software maintenance and reengineering, pp 121–130

  • Gun S (1998) Support vector machines for classification and regression. University of Southampton, technical report

  • Guo L, Ma Y, Cukic B, Singh H (2004) Robust prediction of fault-proneness by random forests. In: 15th international symposium on software reliability engineering (ISSRE’04), pp 417–428

  • Gyimothy T, Ferenc R, Siket I (2005) Empirical validation of object-oriented metrics on open source software for fault prediction. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 31: 897–910

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Han J, Kamber M (2001) Data mining: concepts and techniques, 2nd edn. Morgan Kauffman, San Francisco

    Google Scholar 

  • Hardle W (1989) Applied nonparametric regression. Cambridge university, Cambridge

    Google Scholar 

  • Kasabov N, Song Q (2002) DENFIS: dynamic evolving neural-fuzzy inference system and its application for time-series prediction. IEEE Trans Fuzzy Syst 10: 144–154

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Khoshgoftaar T, Allen E, Deng J (2002) Using regression trees to classify fault-prone software modules. IEEE Trans Reliab 51: 455–462

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Korhonen K, Kangas A (1997) A application of nearest-neighbour regression for generalizing sample tree information. Scand J For Res 12: 97–101

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Myrtveit I, Stensrud E, Shepperd M (2005) Reliability and validity in comparative studies of software prediction models. IEEE Trans Softw Eng 31: 380–391

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Orr M (1996) Introduction to radial basis function networks, Institute for Adaptive and Neural Computation of the Division of Informatics at Edinburgh University, Scotland technical report

  • Quah T, Thwin M (2003) Application of neural networks for software quality prediction using object-oriented metrics. In: International conference on software maintenance (ICSM’03), pp 116–125

  • Quinlan R (1986) Induction of decision trees. Mach Learn 1: 81–106

    Google Scholar 

  • Smola A (1998) Learning with kernels. In: Department of Computer Science: Technical University Berlin, Germany

  • Vapnik V (1995) The nature of statistical learning theory. Springer, New York

    Book  MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Witten I (1997) Inducing model trees for continuous classes. In: 9th European conference on machine learning, pp 128–137

  • Witten I, Frank E (2005) Data mining practical machine learning tools and techniques 2nd edn. Morgan Kaufmann, San Francisco

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  • Yu P, Systa T, Muller (2002) Predicting fault-proneness using OO metrics an industrial case study. In: Sixth European conference software maintenance and reengineering, pp 99–107

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mahmoud O. Elish.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Elish, M.O. A comparative study of fault density prediction in aspect-oriented systems using MLP, RBF, KNN, RT, DENFIS and SVR models. Artif Intell Rev 42, 695–703 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-012-9348-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-012-9348-9

Keywords

Navigation