Abstract
The explosion of data and transactions demands a creative approach for data processing in a variety of applications. Research on remote memory systems (RMSs), so as to exploit the superior characteristics of dynamic random access memory (DRAM), has been performed for many decades, and today’s information explosion galvanizes researchers into shedding new light on the technology. Prior studies have mainly focused on architectural suggestions for such systems, highlighting different design rationale. These studies have shown that choosing the appropriate applications to run on an RMS is important in fully utilizing the advantages of remote memory. This article provides an extensive performance evaluation for various types of data processing applications so as to address the efficacy of an RMS by means of a prototype RMS with reliability functionality. The prototype RMS used is a practical kernel-level RMS that renders large memory data processing feasible. The abstract concept of remote memory was materialized by borrowing unused local memory in commodity PCs via a high speed network capable of Remote Direct Memory Access (RDMA) operations. The prototype RMS uses remote memory without any part of its computation power coming from remote computers. Our experimental results suggest that an RMS can be practical in supporting the rigorous demands of commercial in memory database systems that have high data access locality. Our evaluation also convinces us of the possibility that a reliable RMS can satisfy both the high degree of reliability and efficiency for large memory data processing applications whose data access pattern has high locality.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Vishnu, A., Gupta, P., Mamidala, A.R., Panda, D.K.: A software based approach for providing network fault tolerance in clusters with udapl interface: mpi level design and performance evaluation. In: SC’06: Proceedings of the 2006 ACM/IEEE Conference on Supercomputing (2006)
Vishnu, A., Gupta, P., Mamidala, A.R., Panda, D.K.: An efficient hardware-software approach to network fault tolerance with infiniband. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Cluster 2009 (2009)
MySQL. http://www.mysql.com
BenchmarkSQL. http://pgfoundry.org/projects/benchmarksql
Transcation Processing Performance Council. TPC-H. http://www.tpc.org/tpch
NAS Parallel Benchmarks. http://www.nas.nasa.gov/Resources/Software/npb.html
Shin, D.: About SSD. In: Proc. of the USENIX Linux Storage and Filesystem Workshop (LSF’08) (2008)
Amza, C., Cox, A.L., Dwarkadas, S., Keleher, P., Lu, H., Rajamony, R., Yu, W., Zwaenepoel, W.: Treadmarks: shared memory computing on networks of workstations. IEEE Comput. 29(2), 18–28 (1996)
Carter, J.: Munin: Efficient Distributed Shared Memory Using Multi-Protocol Release Consistency. Ph.D. Thesis, Rice University (1992)
Keleher, P., Cox, A.L., Dwarkadas, S., Zwaenepoel, W.: An evaluation of software based release consistent protocols. J. Parallel Distributed Syst. 29(2), 126–141 (1995)
Keleher, P.: Distributed Shared Memory Using Lazy Release Consistency. Ph.D. Thesis, Rice University (1994)
Black, D., Gupta, A., Weber, W.D.: Competitive management of distributed shared memory. In: Sprint COMPCON 89 Digest of Papers (1989)
Bolosky, W., Scott, M., Fitzgerald, R.: Simple but effective techniques for numa memory management. In: Proc. of ACM SOSP (1989)
Holliday, M.: Reference history, page size, and migration daemons in local/remote architectures. In: Proc. of ACM ASPLOS (1989)
Bolosky, W., Scott, M., Fitzgerald, R., Fowler, R., Cox, A.: Numa policies and their relationship to memory architecture. In: Proc. of ACM ASPLOS (1991)
Markatos, E.P., Dramitinos, G.: Implementation of a reliable remote memory pager. In: Proc. of the 1996 USENIX Technical Conference (1996)
Liang, S., Noronha, R., Panda, D.K.: Swapping to remote memory over infiniband: an approach using a high performance network block device. In: Proc. of the 2005 IEEE Cluster Computing (2005)
Freeley, M.J., Morgan, W.E., Pighin, F.H., Karlin, A.R., Levy, H.M.: Implementing global memory management in a workstation cluster. In: Proc. of ACM SOSP (1995)
Jiang, S., Petrini, F., Ding, X., Zhang, X.: A locality-aware cooperative cache management protocol to improve network file system performance. In: ICDCS’06: Proceedings of the 26th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems (2006)
Jiang, S., Davis, K., Zhang, X.: Coordinated multilevel buffer cache management with consistent access locality quantification. IEEE Trans. Comput. 56(1) (2007)
Comer, D., Griffioen, J.: A new design for distributed systems: the remote memory model. In: Proc. of USENIX Tech. Conf. (1990)
Frankling, M.J., Carey, M.J., Livny, M.: Global memory management in client-server DBMS architectures. In: Proc. of VLDB (1992)
Dahlin, M.D., Wang, R.Y., Anderson, T.E., Paterson, D.A.: Cooperative caching: using remote client memory to improve file system performance. In: Proc. of USENIX OSDI (1994)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Han, H., Jung, H., Kang, S. et al. Performance evaluation of a remote memory system with commodity hardware for large-memory data processing. Cluster Comput 14, 325–344 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-011-0164-9
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-011-0164-9