Abstract
This paper is devoted to solving a nonsmooth complementarity problem where the mapping is locally Lipschitz continuous but not continuously differentiable everywhere. We reformulate this nonsmooth complementarity problem as a system of nonsmooth equations with the max function and then propose an approximation to the reformulation by simultaneously smoothing the mapping and the max function. Based on the approximation, we present a modified Jacobian smoothing method for the nonsmooth complementarity problem. We show the Jacobian consistency of the function associated with the approximation, under which we establish the global and fast local convergence for the method under suitable assumptions. Finally, to show the effectiveness of the proposed method, we report our numerical experiments on some examples based on MCPLIB/GAMSLIB libraries or network Nash–Cournot game is proposed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chen, C.H., Mangasarian, O.L.: A class of smoothing function for nonlinear and mixed complementarity problems. Comput. Optim. Appl. 5(2), 97–138 (1996)
Chen, C.H., Mangasarian, O.L.: Smoothing methods for convex inequalities and linear complementarity problems. Math. Program. 71(1), 51–69 (1995)
Chen, X., Qi, L.Q., Sun, D.F.: Global and superlinear convergence of the smoothing Newton method and its application to general box constrained variational inequalities. Math. Comput. 67(222), 519–540 (1998)
Chen, X., Wets, R.J.-B., Zhang, Y.F.: Stochastic variational inequalities: residual minimization smoothing sample average approximations. SIAM J. Optim. 22(2), 649–673 (2012)
Chen, Y.Y., Gao, Y.: Two new Levenberg–Marquardt methods for nonsmooth nonlinear complementarity problems. Scienceasia 40(1), 89–93 (2014)
Chu, A.J., Du, S.Q., Su, Y.X.: A new smoothing conjugate gradient method for solving nonlinear nonsmooth complementarity problems. Algorithms 8(4), 1195–1209 (2015)
Clarke, F.H.: Optimization and Nonsmooth Analysis. Wiley, New York (1983)
Dirkse, S.P., Ferris, M.C.: MCPLIB: a collection of nonlinear mixed complementarity problems. Optim. Methods Softw. 5(4), 319–345 (1995)
Ermoliev, Y.M., Norkin, V.I., Wets, R.J.-B.: The minimization of semicontinuous functions: mollifier subgradients. SIAM J. Control Optim. 33(1), 149–167 (1995)
Facchinei, F., Kanzow, C.: Generalized Nash equilibrium problems. Ann. Oper. Res. 175(1), 177–211 (2010)
Facchinei, F., Pang, J.S.: Finite-Dimensional Variational Inequalities and Complementarity Problems. Springer, New York (2003)
Ferris, M.C., Pang, J.S.: Engineering and economic applications of complementarity problems. SIAM Rev. 39(4), 669–713 (1997)
Fischer, A.: Solution of monotone complementarity problems with locally Lipschitzian functions. Math. Program. 76(3), 513–532 (1997)
Fischer, A., Jeyakumar, V., Luc, D.T.: Solution point characterizations and convergence analysis of a descent algorithm for nonsmooth continuous complementarity problems. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 110(3), 493–513 (2001)
Gao, Y.: A Newton method for a nonsmooth nonlinear complementarity problem. Oper. Res. Trans. 15(2), 53–58 (2011)
Hobbs, B.F., Pang, J.S.: Nash–Cournot equilibrium in electric power markets with piecewise linear demand functions and joint constraints. Oper. Res. 55(1), 113–127 (2007)
Izmailov, A.F., Solodov, M.V.: Superlinearly convergent algorithms for solving singular equations and smooth reformulations of complementarity problems. SIAM J. Optim. 13(2), 386–405 (2002)
Jiang, H.Y.: Smoothed Fischer–Burmeister equation methods for the complementarity problem. Technical Report, Department of Mathematics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia (1997)
Jiang, H.Y.: Unconstrained minimization approaches to nonlinear complementarity problems. J. Glob. Optim. 9(2), 169–181 (1996)
Kanzow, C., Pieper, H.: Jacobian smoothing methods for nonlinear complementarity problems. SIAM J. Optim. 9(2), 342–373 (1999)
Kanzow, C., Qi, H.D.: A QP-free constrained Newton-type method for variational inequality problems. Math. Program. 85(1), 81–106 (1999)
Li, G.Y., Ng, K.F.: Error bound of generalized D-gap functions for nonsmooth and nonmonotone variational inequality problems. SIAM J. Optim. 20(2), 667–690 (2009)
Metzler, C.B., Hobbs, B.F., Pang, J.S.: Nash–Cournot equilibria in power markets on a linearized dc network with arbitrage: formulations and properties. Netw. Spat. Econ. 3(2), 123–150 (2003)
Ng, K.F., Tan, L.L.: D-gap functions for nonsmooth variational inequality problems. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 133(1), 77–97 (2007)
Ng, K.F., Tan, L.L.: Error bounds for regularized gap function for nonsmooth variational inequality problem. Math. Program. 110(2), 405–429 (2007)
Qi, H.D., Liao, L.Z.: A smoothing Newton method for general nonlinear complementarity problems. Comput. Optim. Appl. 17(2–3), 231–253 (2000)
Qi, L.Q., Sun, J.: A nonsmooth version of Newton’s method. Math. Program. 58(1–3), 353–367 (1993)
Ralph, D., Xu, H.F.: Implicit smoothing and its application to optimization with piecewise smooth equality constraints. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 124(3), 673–699 (2005)
Rockafellar, R.T., Wets, R.J.-B.: Variational Analysis. Springer, Berlin (1998)
Song, L.S., Gao, Y.: On the local convergence of a Levenberg–Marquardt method for nonsmooth nonlinear complementarity problems. Scienceasia 43(6), 377–382 (2017)
Sun, D.F., Qi, L.Q.: Solving variational inequality problems via smoothing–nonsmooth reformulations. J. Comput. Appl. Math. 129(1–2), 37–62 (2001)
Xu, H.F.: Adaptive smoothing method, deterministically computable generalized Jacobians, and the Newton method. J. Optim. Theory Appl. 109(1), 215–224 (2001)
Acknowledgements
This research was supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11671250, 11901380, 11431004, 71831008) and Humanity and Social Science Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (No. 15YJA630034). The authors are grateful to two anonymous referees for their helpful comments and suggestions, which have led to much improvement of the paper.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chen, PB., Zhang, P., Zhu, X. et al. Modified Jacobian smoothing method for nonsmooth complementarity problems. Comput Optim Appl 75, 207–235 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10589-019-00136-3
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10589-019-00136-3
Keywords
- Nonsmooth complementarity problem
- Jacobian consistency
- Jacobian smoothing method
- Convergence
- Network Nash–Cournot game