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Sharing Knowledge and Expertise: The CSCW View of Knowledge Management

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Abstract

Knowledge Management (KM) is a diffuse and controversial term, which has been used by a large number of research disciplines. CSCW, over the last 20 years, has taken a critical stance towards most of these approaches, and instead, CSCW shifted the focus towards a practice-based perspective. This paper surveys CSCW researchers’ viewpoints on what has become called ‘knowledge sharing’ and ‘expertise sharing’. These are based in an understanding of the social contexts of knowledge work and practices, as well as in an emphasis on communication among knowledgeable humans. The paper provides a summary and overview of the two strands of knowledge and expertise sharing in CSCW, which, from an analytical standpoint, roughly represent ‘generations’ of research: an ‘object-centric’ and a ‘people-centric’ view. We also survey the challenges and opportunities ahead.

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Acknowledgments

To craft this paper, we acknowledge the support of the German Science Foundation’s Graduate School 1769 ‘Locating Media’. The research on the Siegen side has been supported by various grants by the German Ministry of Education and Research, the German Ministry of Economics and Technology, and the State of North Rhine Westphalia over a period of more than 15 years.

This work was also supported, in part, by the U.S. National Science Foundation under grants IIS 0905460, IIS 0948639, and ACI 1035162.

We are indebted to many, many people who have helped us and engaged with us around these issues over many years. They are far too numerous to list here, but we are deeply appreciative. We do, however, want to acknowledge Kjeld Schmidt for his continued patience and interest, as well as the three anonymous reviewers who greatly strengthened this paper. We also thank all of current and past students and research staff for the enormous help they have provided.

Notes

  1. i

    In this paper, we will not differentiate between knowledge and information: We could easily spend several lifetimes teasing the two apart, and colloquial uses are sufficient (as argued in Normark and Randall 2005).

  2. ii

    These generations are not completely distinct — some studies may have foreshadowed a generation, and later studies sometimes combined them. It is difficult to cover so much intellectual ground without being reduced to making seemingly arbitrary categorizations, and we beg the reader’s indulgence on this point.

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  1. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ann Arbor, MI, USA

    Mark S. Ackerman

  2. University of Siegen, Siegen, Germany

    Juri Dachtera, Volkmar Pipek & Volker Wulf

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Ackerman, M.S., Dachtera, J., Pipek, V. et al. Sharing Knowledge and Expertise: The CSCW View of Knowledge Management. Comput Supported Coop Work 22, 531–573 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10606-013-9192-8

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