Abstract
Today’s real-time systems (RTS) are characterized by managing large volumes of dispersed data making real-time distributed data processing a reality. Large business houses need to do distributed processing for many reasons, and they often must do it in order to stay competitive. So, efficient database management algorithms and protocols for accessing and manipulating data are required to satisfy timing constraints of supported applications. Therefore, new research in distributed real-time database systems (DRTDBS) is needed to investigate possible ways of applying database systems technology to real-time systems. This paper first discusses the performance issues that are important to DRTDBS, and then surveys the research that has been done so far on the issues like priority assignment policy, commit protocols and optimizing the use of memory in non-replicated/replicated environment pertaining to distributed real time transaction processing. In fact, this study provides a foundation for addressing performance issues important for the management of very large real time data and pointer to other publications in journals and conference proceedings for further investigation of unanswered research questions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abbott, R., Garcia-Molina, H.: Scheduling real-time transactions with disk resident data. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Very Large Databases, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, pp. 385–395 (1989)
Abbott, R., Garcia-Monila, H.: Scheduling real-time transaction: a performance evaluation. In: Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Very Large Databases, pp. 1–12, August 1988
Abdallah, M., Guerraoui, R., Pucheral, P.: One-phase commit: does it make sense. In: Proceedings of the International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems (ICPADS’98), Tainan, Taiwan, 14–16 December 1998
Agrawal, D., Abbadi El, A., Jeffers, R.: Using delayed commitment in locking protocols for real-time databases. In: Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD), San Diego, CA, 2–5 June 1992, pp. 104–113 (1992)
Agrawal, D., Abbadi El, A., Jeffers, R., Lin, L.: Ordered shared locks for real-time databases. Int. J. Very Large Data Bases 4(1), 87–126 (1995)
Aldarmi, S.A., Burns, A.: Dynamic CPU scheduling with imprecise knowledge of computation time. Technical Report YCS-314, Department of Computer Science, University of York, UK (1999)
Aldarmi, S.A.: Real-time database systems: concepts and design. Department of Computer Science, University of York, April 1998
Al-Houmaily, Y.J., Chrysanthis, P.K.: Atomicity with incompatible presumptions. In: Proceedings of the 18th ACM Symposium on Principles of Database Systems (PODS), Philadelphia, June 1999
Al-Houmaily, Y.J., Chrysanthis, P.K.: In search for an efficient real-time atomic commit protocol. http://www.cs.bu.edu/techreports/pdf/1996-027-ieee-rtss9.pdf/13.ps
Al-Houmaily, Y.J., Chrysanthis, P.K., Levitan, S.P.: Enhancing the performance of presumed commit protocol. In: Proceedings of the ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, San Jose, CA, USA, 28 February–1 March 1997
Al-Houmaily, Y.J., Chrysanthis, P.K., Levitan, S.P.: An argument in favor of the presumed commit protocol. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Data Engineering, Birmingham, April 1997
Amanton, L., Sadeg, B., Berred, A.: Towards the commit process of causal-ordered distributed real-time transactions. In: Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Signal Processing and Information Technology (ISSPIT), 14–17 December 2003, pp. 588–592 (2003)
Arahna, R.F.M., Ganti, V., Narayanan, S., Muthukrishnan, C.R., Prasad, S.T.S., Ramamritham, K.: Implementation of a real-time database system. Inf. Syst. 21(1), 55–74 (1996)
Attaluri, G.K., Salem, K.: The presumed-either two-phase commit protocol. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 14(5), 1190–1196 (2002)
Audsley, N.C., Burns, A., Richardson, M.F., Wellings, A.J.: Data consistency in hard real-time systems. YCS 203, Department of Computer Science, University of York, June 1993
Audsley, N.C., Burns, A., Richardson, M.F., Wellings, A.J.: Absolute and relative temporal constraints in hard real time databases. In: Proceedings of the 4th Euromicro Workshop on Real-Time Systems, pp. 148–153. IEEE Computer Society Press, Athens (1992)
Bestavros, A.: Advances in real-time database systems research. ACM SIGMOD Rec. 24(1), 3–8 (1996)
Bestavros, A., Lin, K.J., Son, S.H.: Real-Time Database Systems: Issues and Applications. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (1997)
Biao, Q., Yunsheng, L., Jin, C.Y.: A commit strategy for distributed real-time transaction. J. Comput. Sci. Tech. 18(5), 626–631 (2003)
Bowers, D.S.: Directions in Databases. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 826, pp. 23–54. Springer, Berlin (1994)
Burger, A., Kumar, V., Hines, M.L.: Performance of multiversion and distributed two-phase locking concurrency control mechanisms in distributed databases. Int. J. Inf. Sci. 1–2, 129–152 (1997)
Carey, M.J., Jauhari, R., Livny, M.: Priority in DBMS resource scheduling. In: Proceedings of the of 15th VLDB Conference, August 1989
Chakravarthy, S., Hong, D., Johnson, T.: Real time transaction scheduling: a framework for synthesizing static and dynamic factors. TR-008, CISE Dept., University of Florida (1994)
Chen, H.-R., Chin, Y.H., Tseng, S.-M.: Scheduling value-based transactions in distributed real-time database systems. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium, 23–27 April 2001, pp. 978–984 (2001)
Chen, Y.-W., Gruenwald, L.: Effects of deadline propagation on scheduling nested transactions in distributed real-time database systems. J. Inf. Syst. 21(1), 103–124 (1996)
Chrysanthis, P.K., Samarasm, G., Al-Houmaily, Y.J.: Recovery and performance of atomic commit processing in distributed database systems. In: Kumar, V., Hsu, M. (eds.) Performance of Database Recovery Mechanism, pp. 370–416. Prentice Hall, New York (1998)
Datta, A., Mukhejee, S., Konana, F., Yiguler, I.R., Bajaj, A.: Multiclass transaction scheduling and overload management in firm real-time database systems. Inf. Syst. 21(1), 29–54 (1996)
Datta, A., Son, S.H., Kumar, V.: Is a bird in the hand worth more than two in the bush? Limitations of priority cognizance in conflict resolution for firm real-time database systems. IEEE Trans. Comput. 49(5), 482–502 (2000)
Davidson, S.B., Lee, I., Wolfe, V.: A protocol for timed atomic commitment. In: Proceedings of the IEEE 9th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, 5–9 June 1989, pp. 199–206 (1989)
Davidson, S.B., Lee, I., Wolfe, V.: Timed atomic commitment. IEEE Trans. Comput. 40(5), 573–583 (1991)
DeWitt, D.J., Katz, R.H., Olken, F., Shapiro, L.D., Stonebraker, M.R., Wood, D.: Implementation techniques for main memory database systems. In: Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD), Boston, MA, pp. 1–8 (1984)
DiPippo, L.C., Wolfe, V.F.: Real-time databases. Database Systems Handbook. Multiscience, New York (1997)
Dogdu, E., Ozsoyoglu, G.: Real-time transactions with execution histories: priority assignment and load control. In: Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, Las Vegas, NV, pp. 301–308
Elmasri, R., Navathe, S.B.: Fundamentals of Database Systems. Addison-Wesley, Reading (2000)
Fortier, P.J., Turner, P.: A simulation program for analysis of distributed database processing concepts. In: Proceedings of the 19th Annual Symposium on Simulation, Tampa, FL, pp. 105–126 (1986)
Garcia-Molina, H., Lindsay, B.: Research directions for distributed databases. ACM SIGMOD Rec. 19(4), 68–103 (1990)
Garcia-Molina, H., Salem, K.: Main memory database systems: an overview. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 4(6), 509–516 (1992)
Gehani, N., Ramamritham, K., Shanmugasundaram, J., Shmueli, O.: Accessing extra database information: concurrency control and correctness. Inf. Syst. 23(7), 439–462 (1996)
George, B.: A secure real-time transaction processing. PhD thesis, Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, I.I. Sc. Bangalore, India, December 1998
Ginis, R., Wolfe, V.F.: Issues in designing open distributed real-time databases. In: Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Workshop on Parallel and Distributed Real-Time Systems, Honolulu, HI, 15–16 April 1996, pp. 106–109 (1996)
Gray, J., Reuter, A.: Transaction Processing: Concepts and Technique. Morgan Kaufman, San Mateo (1993)
Gray, J.: Notes on Database Operating Systems. Operating Systems: an Advanced Course. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 60, pp. 397–405. Springer, Berlin (1978)
Gray, J.: The transaction concept, virtues and limitations. In: Proceedings of the 7th VLDB Conference, Cannes, France, pp. 144–154 (1981)
Gupta, R., Haritsa, J.R.: Commit processing in distributed real-time database systems. In: Proceedings of the National Conference on Software for Real-Time Systems, Cochin, India, pp. 195–204, January 1996
Gupta, R.: Commit processing in distributed on-line and real-time transaction processing systems. MSc thesis, Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, I.I. Sc. Bangalore, India (2000)
Gupta, R., Haritsa, J.R., Ramamritham, K.: More optimism about real-time distributed commit processing. Technical Report TR-97-04, Database System Lab, Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, I.I. Sc. Bangalore, India (1997)
Gupta, R., Haritsa, J.R., Ramamritham, K.: Revisiting commit processing in distributed database systems. In: Proceedings of the ACM International Conference on Management of Data (SIGMOD), Tucson, May 1997
Gupta, R., Haritsa, J.R., Ramamritham, K., Seshadri, S.: Commit processing in distributed real-time database systems. In: Proceedings of Real-time Systems Symposium, Washington DC, December 1996. IEEE Computer Society, San Francisco (1996)
Gupta, R., Haritsa, J.R., Ramamritham, K., Seshadri, S.: Commit processing in distributed real-time database systems. Technical Report TR-96-01, Database System Lab, Supercomputer Education and Research Centre, I.I. Sc. Bangalore, India (1996)
Hansen, G.W., Hansen, J.V.: Database Management and Design. Prentice-Hall, India (2000)
Haritsa, J.R., Ramamritham, K.: Adding PEP to real-time distributed commit processing. In: Proceedings of the 21st IEEE Real-time Systems Symposiums, Orlando, USA, 27–30 November 2000, pp. 37–46 (2000)
Haritsa, J.R., Ramamritham, K.: Real-time database systems in the new millennium. J. Real-Time Syst. 19(3), 1–5 (2000)
Haritsa, J.R., Carey, M.J., Livny, M.: Data access scheduling in firm real-time database systems. J. Real-Time Syst. 4(3), 203–242 (1992)
Haritsa, J.R., Carey, M.J., Livny, M.: Value-based scheduling in real-time database systems. Technical Report TR-1204, CS Department, University of Wisconsin, Madison (1991)
Haritsa, J.R., Carey, M.J., Linvy, M.: Dynamic real-time optimistic concurrency control. In: Proceedings of the 11th Real-Time Systems Symposium, December 1990
Haritsa, J.R., Carey, M.J., Linvy, M.: On being optimistic about real-time constraints. In: Proceedings of the ACM PODS Symposium, April 1990
Haritsa, J.R., George, B.: Secure real-time transaction processing. In: Kuo, T.-W., Lam, K.-Y. (eds.) Real-time Database Systems: Architecture and Techniques. Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 593, pp. 141–157. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (2001)
Haritsa, J.R., Livny, M., Carey, M.J.: Earliest deadline scheduling for real-time database systems. In: Proceedings of 12th IEEE Real-Time Systems Symposium (RTSS), San Antonio, TX, December 1991, pp. 232–242 (1991)
Haritsa, J.R., Ramamritham, K., Gupta, R.: Characterization and optimization of commit processing performance in distributed database systems. Technical Report, University of Massachusetts, March 1998
Haritsa, J.R., Ramamritham, K., Gupta, R.: Real-time commit processing. In: Kuo, T.-W., Lam, K.-Y. (eds.) Real-time Database Systems: Architecture and Techniques. Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, vol. 593, pp. 227–243. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (2001)
Haritsa, J.R., Ramamritham, K., Gupta, R.: The PROMPT real-time commit protocol. IEEE Trans. Parallel Distrib. Syst. 11(2), 160–181 (2000)
Haubert, J.A., Mammeri, L.Z., Sadeg, B.: Management of imprecise transactions in distributed real-time database systems. In: Proceedings of the 7th ISPS, Algiers, May 2005, pp. 15–26 (2005)
Hong, D.-K.: Real time transaction scheduling: a cost-conscious approach. MSc thesis, Graduate School of University of Florida (1992)
Hong, D.-K., Johnson, T., Chakravarthy, S.: Real-time transaction scheduling: a cost conscious approach. In: Proceedings of the SIGMOD Conference, pp. 197–206 (1993)
Huang, J., Stankovic, J.A.: Real-time buffer management. COINS TR 90-65, August 1990
Huang, J.: Real time transaction processing: design, implementation and performance evaluation. PhD thesis, University of Massachusetts, May 1991
Huang, J., Stankovic, J.A., Ramamritham, K., Towsley, D.: On using priority inheritance in real-time databases. In: Proceedings of the 12th Real-Time Systems Symposium, 4–6 December 1991, pp. 210–221 (1991)
Hung, S.-L., Lam, K.W., Lam, K.Y.: Efficient technique for performance analysis of locking protocols. In: Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Workshop on Modeling, Analysis, and Simulation of Computer and Telecommunication Systems, Durham, NC, USA, 31 January–2 February 1994, pp. 276–283 (1994)
Inseon, L., Heon, Y.Y., Taesoon, P.: A new approach for distributed main memory database system: a causal commit protocol. IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst. E87-D(1), 196–204 (2004)
Kao, B., Garcia-Molina, H.: Deadline assignment in a distributed soft real-time system. In: Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems, pp. 428–437 (1993)
Kao, B., Garcia-Molina, H.: Subtask deadline assignment for complex distributed soft real-time tasks. Technical Report 93-149, Stanford University (1993)
Kao, B., Garcia-Monila, H.: An overview of real-time database systems. In: Advances in Real-Time Systems, pp. 463–486 (1995)
Kayan, E., Ulusoy, O.: An evaluation of real time transaction management issues in mobile database systems. Comput. J. 42(6) (1999)
Kim, Y.-K., Son, S.H.: Predictability and consistency in real-time database systems. In: Son, S.H. (ed.) Advances in Real-Time Systems, pp. 509–531. Prentice Hall, New York (1995)
Kim, Y.-K.: Predictability and consistency in real time transaction processing. PhD thesis, University of Virginia, May 1995
Lam, K.-Y., Kuo, T.-W.: Real-Time Database Systems: Architecture and Techniques. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (2001)
Lam, K.-Y.: Concurrency control in distributed real-time database systems. PhD thesis, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, October 1994
Lam, K.-Y., Cao, J., Pang, C.-L., Son, S.H.: Resolving conflicts with committing transactions in distributed real-time databases. In: Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems, Como, Italy, 8–12 September 1997, pp. 49–58 (1997)
Lam, K.-Y., Hung, S.L., Son, S.H.: On using real-time static locking protocols for distributed real-time databases. Real-Time Syst. 13, 141–166 (1997)
Lam, K.-Y., Law, G.C.K., Lee, V.C.S.: Priority and deadline assignment to triggered transactions in distributed real-time active databases. J. Syst. Softw. 51(1), 49–60 (2000)
Lam, K.-Y., Lee, V.C.S., Kao, B., Hung, S.L.: Priority assignment in distributed real-time databases using optimistic concurrency control. IEE Proc. Comput. Digit. Tech. 144(5), 324–330 (1997)
Lam, K.-Y., Pang, C., Son, S.H., Cao, J.: Resolving executing-committing conflicts in distributed real-time database systems. J. Comput. 42(8), 674–692 (1999)
Lam, K.-W., Lee, V.C.S., Hung, S.L.: Transaction scheduling in distributed real-time systems. Int. J. Time-Crit. Comput. Syst. 19, 169–193 (2000)
Lampson, B., Lomet, D.: A new presumed commit optimization for two phase commit. In: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Very Large Data Bases, Dublin, Ireland (1993)
Lee, I., Yeom, H.Y.: A fast commit protocol for distributed main memory database systems. In: Proceedings of the 16th International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN-16), Cheju, Korea, January 2002
Lee, I., Yeom, H.Y.: A single phase distributed commit protocol for main memory database systems. In: 16th International Parallel & Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS 2002), Ft. Lauderdale, FL, 15–19 April 2002
Lee, I., Heon, Y., Park, T.: A new approach for distributed main memory database systems: a causal commit protocol. IEICE Trans. Inf. Syst. E87-D(1), 196–204 (2004)
Lee, J.: Concurrency control algorithms for real-time database systems. PhD thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia (1994)
Lee, V.C.S., Lam, K.Y., Kao, B.C.M., Lam, K.W., Hung, S.L.: Priority assignment for sub-transaction in distributed real-time databases. In: 1st International Workshop on Real-Time Database Systems (1996)
Lee, V.C.S., Lam, K.-Y., Kao, B.: Priority scheduling of transactions in distributed real-time databases. Int. J. Time-Crit. Comput. Syst. 16, 31–62 (1999)
Lee, V.C.S., Lam, K.-W., Hung, S.L.: Concurrency control for mixed transactions in real-time databases. IEEE Trans. Comput. 51(7), 821–834 (2002)
Lin, K.-J., Son, S.H.: Real-time databases: characteristics and issues. In: Proceedings of the 1st IEEE Workshop on Object-Oriented Real-Time Dependable Systems, Dana Point, CA, October 1994, pp. 113–116 (1994)
Lindsay, B.G., Haas, L.M., Mohan, C., Wilms, P.F., Yost, R.A.: Computation and communication in R *: a distributed database manager. ACM Trans. Comput. Syst. 2(1), 24–38 (1984)
Lindström, J., Raatikainen, K.: Using importance of transactions and optimistic concurrency control in firm real-time databases. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA’2000), Cheju Island, South Korea, 12–14 December 2000
Lindstrom, J.: Optimistic concurrency control method for distributed real time database systems. PhD thesis, Report A-2003-I, Helsinki University, January 2003
Lindström, J.: Using priorities in concurrency control for RTDBS. In: Seminar on Real-Time and Embedded Systems, Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki, Autumn 1999
Liu, C.L., Layland, J.W.: Scheduling algorithms for multiprogramming in a hard real-time environment. J. ACM 20(1), 46–61 (1973)
Misikangas, P.: 2PL and its variants. In: Seminar on Real-Time Systems, Department of Computer Science, University of Helsinki (1997)
Mittal, A., Dandamudi, S.P.: Dynamic versus static locking in real-time parallel database systems. In: Proceedings of the 18th International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium (IPDPS’04), Santa Fe, NM, 26–30 April 2004
Mohan, C., Dievendorff, D.: Recent work on distributed commit protocols, and recoverable messaging and queuing. Data Eng. Bull. 17(1) 1994
Mohan, C.: An overview of recent database research. J. Database 10(2), 3–24 (1978)
Mohan, C., Lindsay, B., Obermarck, R.: Transaction management in the R * distributed database management systems. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 11(4), 378–396 (1986)
Mohania, M.K., Kambayashi, Y., Tjoa, A.M., Wagner, R., Bellatreche, L.: Trends in database research. In: DEXA, pp. 984–988 (2001)
Ng, P.: A commit protocol for checkpointing transactions. In: Proceedings of the 7th Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems, Columbus, OH, USA, 10–12 October 1998, pp. 22–31 (1998)
O’Neil, P., Ramamritham, K., Pu, C.: Towards predictable transaction executions in real-time database systems. Technical Report 92–35, University of Massachusetts, August 1992
Ozsoyoglu, G., Snodgrass, R.T.: Temporal and real-time databases: a survey. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 7(4), 513–532 (1995)
Pang, C.-L., Lam, K.Y.: On using similarity for resolving conflicts at commit in mixed distributed real-time databases. In: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications, 27–29 October 1998
Pang, H.H.: Query processing in firm real-time database systems. PhD thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison (1994)
Pang, H.H., Carey, M.J., Livny, M.: Multiclass query scheduling in real-time database systems. IEEE Trans. Knowl. Data Eng. 7(4), 533–551 (1995)
Park, T., Yoem, H.Y.: A Distributed Group Commit Protocol for Distributed Database Systems. Seoul National University, Korea
Purimetla, B., Rajendran, M., Sivasankaran, K., Ramamritham, K., Stankovic, J.A.: Real Time Databases: Issues and Applications. Advances in Real Time Systems, Prentice Hall, New York (1996)
Qin, B., Liu, Y.: High performance distributed real-time commit protocol. J. Syst. Softw. 68(2), 145–152 (2003)
Ramakrishnan, R., Gehrke, J.: Database Management System. McGraw Hill, New York (2003)
Ramakrishnan, R., Ullaman, J.D.: A survey of research on deductive database systems. www-db.stanford.edu/~ullman/dscb/ch1.pdf
Ramamritham, K., Chrysanthis, P.K.: A taxonomy of correctness criteria in database applications. J. Very Large Data Bases 5, 85–97 (1996)
Ramamritham, K., Chrysanthis, P.K.: In search for the acceptability criteria: database consistency requirements and transaction correctness properties. In: Proceedings of the International Workshop on Distributed Object Management, Canada, August 1992, pp. 211–229 (1992)
Ramamritham, K., Sen, R.: DELite: database support for embedded lightweight devices. In: EMSOFT, Pisa, Italy, 27–29 September 2004, pp. 3–4 (2004)
Ramamritham, K.: Real-time databases. Distrib. Parallel Databases 1(2), 199–226 (1993), special issue: Research Topics in Distributed and Parallel Databases
Ramsay, S., Nummenmaa, J., Thanisch, P., Pooley, R.J., Gilmore, S.T.: Interactive simulation of distributed transaction processing commit protocols. In: Luker, P. (ed.) Proceedings of Third Conference of the United Kingdom Simulation Society (UKSIM’97), Department of Computer Science, University of Edinburgh, pp. 112–127 (1997)
Ryu, I.K., Thomasian, A.: Analysis of database performance with dynamic locking. J. ACM 37(3), 491–523 (1990)
Samaras, G., Britton, K., Citron, A., Mohan, C.: Two-phase commit optimizations and tradeoffs in the commercial environment. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Data Engineering, 19–23 April 1993, pp. 520–529 (1993)
Seshadri, T.S., Haritsa, J.R.: Integrating standard transactions in real-time database systems. Inf. Syst. 21(1), 3–28 (1996)
Sha, L., Rajkumar, R., Son, S.H., Chang, C.H.: A real-time locking protocol. IEEE Trans. Comput. 40(7), 793–800 (1991)
Shih, S., Kim, Y.-K., Son, S.H.: Performance evaluation of a firm real time database system. In: Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications, 25–27 October 1995, pp. 116–124 (1995)
Shiow, C., Li, V.O.K.: Performance analysis of static locking in distributed database systems. IEEE Trans. Comput. 39(6), 741–751 (1990)
Shu, L.C., Young, M., Rajkumar, R.: An abort ceiling protocol for controlling priority inversion. Software Engineering Institute, Carnegie Mellon University (1994)
Silberschatz, A., Stonebraker, M., Ullman, J.: Database research: achievements and opportunities into the 21st century. ACM SIGMOD Rec. 25(1), 52–63 (1996)
Son, S.H.: Real-time database systems: present and future. In: Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications, Tokyo, Japan, 25–27 October 1995, pp. 50–52 (1995)
Soparkar, N., Levy, E., Korth, H.F., Silberschatz, A.: Adaptive commitment for real-time distributed transaction. Technical Report TR-92-15, 1992, Dept. of Computer Science, University of Texas, Austin and also in the Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Information and Knowledge Management, Gaithersburg, MD, USA, pp. 187–194 (1994)
Srinivasa, R.: Network-aided concurrency control in distributed databases. PhD thesis, University of Virginia, January 2002
Stamos, J.W., Cristian, F.: A low-cost atomic commit protocol. In: Proceedings of the 9th IEEE Symposium on Reliable Distributed Systems, Huntsville, AL, USA, 9–12 October 1990, pp. 66–75 (1990)
Stankovic, J.A.: Misconception about real-time computing. IEEE Comput. 21(10), 10–19 (1988)
Stankovic, J.A., Ramamritham, K., Towsley, D.: Scheduling in real-time transaction systems. In: van Tilborg, A., Koob, G. (eds.) Foundations of Real-Time Computing: Scheduling and Resource Management, pp. 157–184. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (1991)
Stankovic, J.A., Son, S.H., Hansson, J.: Misconception about real-time database. IEEE Comput. 32(6), 29–36 (1999)
Taina, J., Son, S.H.: Towards a general real-time database simulator software library. In: Proceedings of Active and Real-Time Database Systems (1999)
Takkar, S., Dandamudi, S.P.: An adaptive scheduling policy for real-time parallel database system. www.mpcs.org/MPCS98/Final_Papers/Paper.48.pdf
Tay, Y.C., Suri, R.: Choice and performance in locking for databases. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Very Large Databases, August 1984
Tay, Y.C.: Some performance issues for transactions with firm deadlines. In: Proceedings of Real-Time Systems Symposium, Pisa, Italy, December 1995, pp. 322–331 (1995)
Tay, Y.C., Goodman, N., Suri, R.: Locking performance in centralized database. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 10(4), 415–462 (1985)
Tay, Y.C., Suri, R., Goodman, N.: A mean value performance model for locking in databases: the no-waiting case. J. ACM 32(3), 618–651 (1985)
Thomasian, A., Ryu, I.K.: Performance analysis of two-phase locking. IEEE Trans. Softw. Eng. 17(5), 386–402 (1991)
Thomasian, A.: Concurrency control: methods, performance, and analysis. ACM Comput. Surv. 30(1), 70–119 (1998)
Thomasian, A.: Two-phase locking performance and its thrashing behavior. ACM Trans. Database Syst. 18(4), 579–625 (1993)
Udai, S., Manoj, M., Sarje, A.K.: Hard real-time distributed database systems: future directions. In: Proceedings of All India Seminar on Recent Trends In Computer Communication Networks, Department of Electronics & Computer Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India, 7–8 November 2001, pp. 172–177 (2001)
Udai, S., Manoj, M., Sarje, A.K.: SWIFT—a new real time commit protocol. Int. J. Distrib. Parallel Databases 20(1), 29–56 (2006)
Udai, S., Manoj, M., Sarje, A.K.: A memory efficient fast distributed real time commit protocol. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Workshop on Distributed Computing (IWDC 2005), Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India, 27–30 December 2005
Udai, S., Manoj, M., Sarje, A.K.: Priority assignment heuristic and issue of fairness to cohorts executing in parallel. WSEAS Int. Trans. Comput. 4(7), 758–768 (2005)
Udai, S., Manoj, M., Sarje, A.K.: The MEWS distributed real time commit protocol. WSEAS Int. Trans. Comput. 4(7), 777–786 (2005)
Udai, S., Manoj, M., Sarje, A.K., Rahul, S.: Dependency sensitive shadow SWIFT. In: Proceedings of the 10th International Database Applications and Engineering Symposium (IDEAS 06), Delhi, India, 11–14 December 2006
Ullman, J.D.: Principle of Database Systems. Galgotia, New Delhi (1992)
Ulusoy, O., Belford, G.: Real-time transaction scheduling in database systems. Inf. Syst. 18(8), 559–580 (1993)
Ulusoy, O., Belford, G.G.: A simulation model for distributed real-time database systems. In: Proceedings of the 25th Annual Symposium on Simulation, Orlando, FL, USA, pp. 232–240 (1992)
Ulusoy, O., Buchmann, A.: A real-time concurrency control protocol for main-memory database systems. Inf. Syst. 23(2), 109–125 (1998)
Ulusoy, O.: A study of two transaction processing architectures for distributed real-time database systems. J. Syst. Softw. 31(2), 97–108 (1995)
Ulusoy, O.: Analysis of concurrency control protocols for real time database systems. Inf. Sci. 111(1–4) (1998)
Ulusoy, O.: Concurrency control in real-time database systems. PhD thesis, Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign (1992)
Ulusoy, O.: Processing real-time transactions in a replicated database system. Distrib. Parallel Databases 2(4), 405–436 (1994)
Ulusoy, O.: Research issues in real-time database systems. Inf. Sci. 87(1–3), 123–151 (1995)
Vrbsky, S.V., Tomic, S.: Satisfying timing constraints of real time databases. J. Syst. Softw. 41, 63–73 (1998). www.mpcs.org/MPCS98/Final_Papers/Paper.48.pdf
Yoon, Y., Han, M., Cho, J.: Real-time commit protocol for distributed real-time database systems. In: Proceedings of the 2nd IEEE International Conference on Engineering of Complex Computer Systems, 21–25 October 1996, pp. 221–225 (150)
Yu, P.S., Wu, K.-L., Lin, K.-J., Son, S.H.: On real-time databases: concurrency control and scheduling. Proc. IEEE 82(1), 140–157 (1994)
Wei, Y., Son, S.H., Stankovic, J.A.: Maintaining data freshness in distributed real-time databases. In: ECRTS, pp. 251–260 (2004)
Wei, Y., Son, S.H., Stankovic, J.A., Kang, K.-D.: QoS management in replicated real time databases. In: RTSS, pp. 86–97 (2003)
Xiong, M., Ramamritham, K., Haritsa, J.R., Stankovic, J.A.: MIRROR: a state-conscious concurrency control protocol for replicated real-time databases. Inf. Syst. 27(4), 277–297 (2002)
Zhou, H., Jahanian, F.: Real-time primary-backup (RTPB) replication with temporal consistency guarantees. In: Proceedings of ICDCS, May 1998
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Shanker, U., Misra, M. & Sarje, A.K. Distributed real time database systems: background and literature review. Distrib Parallel Databases 23, 127–149 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10619-008-7024-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10619-008-7024-5