Skip to main content
Log in

A theoretical investigation of the emerging standards for web services

  • Published:
Information Systems Frontiers Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Currently, standards for web services are being developed via three different initiatives (W3C, Semantic web services and ebXML). To the best of our knowledge, no theoretical perspectives underlie these standardization efforts. Without the benefit of a strong theoretical basis, the results, within and across these initiatives, have remained piecemeal. We suggest ‘Language–Action Theories’ as a plausible perspective that can effectively define, assess and refine web services standards. In this paper, we first investigate the existing initiatives to identify commonalities that point to theories of ‘Language–Action’ as an appropriate theoretical basis for web services standards. Next, we adapt work from these theories to develop a comprehensive reference framework for understanding web services standards. Finally, we use this reference framework to assess the three initiatives, and analyze the findings to provide insights for future development and refinement of web services standards.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Aakhus, M. (2004). Felicity conditions and genre: Linking act and conversation in LAP style conversation analysis. Paper presented at the International Working Conference on the Language–Action Perspective on Communication Modelling.

  • Ankolekar, A., Burstein, M., & Hobbs, J. R. (2001). DAML-S: Semantic Markup For Web Services. International Semantic Web Workshop.

  • Auramaki, E., Lehtinen, E., & Lyytinen, K. (1988). A speech-act-based office modeling approach. ACM Transactions on Information Systems (TOIS), 6(2), 126–152.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Austin, J. L. (1962). How to do things with words. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Univeristy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brodie, M. L., Mylopoulos, J., & Schmidt, J. W. (1984). On conceptual modelling: Perspectives from artificial intelligence, databases, and programming languages. Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cecez-Kecmanovic, D., & Janson, M. (1999). Communicative action theory: An approach to understanding the application of information systems. Paper presented at the Australasian Conference on Information Systems. Wellington, New Zealand.

  • Curbera, F., Khalaf, R., Mukhi, N., Tai, S., & Weerawarana, S. (2003). The next step in Web services. Communications of the ACM, 46(10), 29–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • De Michelis, G., & Grasso, M. (1994). Situating conversations within the language/action perspective: The milan conversation model. Paper presented at the Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work.

  • Dietz, J. L. G. (1994). Business modeling for business redesign. Paper presented at the Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS). Hawaii: Maui.

  • Dietz, J. L. G. (2001). Coherent, consistent and comprehensive modeling of communication, information, action and organzation. Information modeling in the new milennium (pp. 9–33). Hershey, PA: Idea Group.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dietz, J. L. G. (2002). The atoms, molecules and matter of organizations. Paper presented at the International Working Conference on the Language–Action Perspective on Communication Modelling (LAP).

  • Dietz, J. L. G. (2004). Towards a LAP-based information paradigm. Paper presented at the International Working Conference on the Language–Action Perspective on Communication Modelling (LAP). New Brunswick, NJ, USA: Rutgers University, June 2–3.

  • ebBPSS (2001). Business process specification schema. Retrieved March 08, 2005, from http://www.ebxml.org/specs/ebBPSS_print.pdf, 11 May.

  • ebMS (2002, 1 April 2002). ebXML Message Service Specification. OASIS. Retrieved March 6, 2005, from http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/ebxml-msg/documents/ebMS_v2_0.pdf.

  • eBPOver (2001, 11 May 2001). Business process and business information analysis overview. Retrieved March 08, 2005, from http://ebxml.org/specs/bpOVER_print.pdf.

  • ebRIM (2002, April 2002). OASIS/ebXML registry information model. Retrieved March 7, 2005, from http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/regrep/documents/2.0/specs/ebrim.pdf.

  • ebRS (2002, April 2002). OASIS/ebXML Registry Services Specification. Retrieved March 7, 2005, from http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/regrep/documents/2.0/specs/ebrs.pdf.

  • ebXML (2005). About ebXML. Retrieved February 2005, 2005, from http://www.ebxml.org/geninfo.htm.

  • ebXML Glossary (2001). ebXML glossary. Retrieved October 31, 2005, from http://www.ebxml.org/specs/ebGLOSS_print.pdf.

  • ebXML–CPPA (2002, September 23, 2002). Collaboration – protocol profile and agreement specification. Retrieved March 07, 2005, from http://www.ebxml.org/specs/ebcpp-2.0.pdf.

  • ebXML–Req (2001). ebXML requirements specification. Retrieved February 19, 2005, from http://www.ebxml.org/specs/ebREQ.pdf.

  • ebXML–TA (2001, 16 February 2001). ebXML technical architecture specification v1.0.4. Retrieved February 19, 2005, from http://ebxml.org/specs/ebTA.pdf.

  • Fan, X., Umapathy, K., Yen, J., & Purao, S. (2004, 2004/01//). An agent-based approach for interleaved composition and execution of web services. Paper presented at the International Conference on Conceptual Modeling (ER). Shanghai, China.

  • Flores, F., & Ludlow, J. (1980). Doing and speaking in the office. In G. Fick & R. H. Sprague (Eds.), Decision support systems: Issues and challenges (vol. 11, pp. 95–118). New York: Pergamon.

    Google Scholar 

  • FTP (1985). File Transfer Protocol (FTP). Retrieved June 7, 2005, from http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc959/.

  • Goldkuhl, G. (1996). Generic business frameworks and action modelling. Paper presented at the International Working Conference on the Language–Action Perspective on Communication Modelling (LAP).

  • Goldkuhl, G. (1998). The six phases of business processes – Business communication and the exchange of value. Paper presented at the International Telecommunications Society (ITS) Conference – Beyond Convergence: Communication into the Next Millennium. Stockholm, Sweden.

  • Goldkuhl, G., & Agerfalk, P. J. (2000). Actability: A way to understand information systems pragmatics. Paper presented at the International Workshop on organisational semiotics. Staffordshire University.

  • Goldkuhl, G., & Lyytinen, K. (1982). A language action view of information systems. International conference on information systems.

  • Goldkuhl, G., & Lyytinen, K. (1984). Information system specification as rule reconstruction. In T. A. Bemelmans (Ed.), Beyond productivity – Information systems for organizational effectiveness (pp. 79–95). New York: North-Holland: Proceedings of IFIP WG 8.2.

  • Goldkuhl, G., & Melin, U. (2001). Relationship management vs business transactions: Business interaction as design of business interaction. Paper presented at the International Purchasing and Supply Education and Research Association (IPSERA).

  • Goldkuhl, G., & Röstlinger, A. (1999). Expanding the scope – From language action to generic practice. Paper presented at the international working conference on the Language–Action Perspective on Communication Modelling (LAP). Copenhagen, September 12–13.

  • Gosain, S. (2003). Realizing the vision for web services: Strategies for dealing with imperfect standards. Paper presented at the MIS quartely special issue workshop on: Standard making – A critical research frontier for information systems.

  • Gottschalk, K., Graham, S., Kreger, H., & Snells, J. (2002). Introduction to Web services architecture. IBM Systems Journal, 41(2), 170–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Habermas, J. (1984). The theory of communicative action: Reason and the rationalization of society (T. McCarthy, Trans. vol. 1). Boston: Beacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hirschheim, R., Klein, H., & Lyytinen, K. (1995). Information systems development and data modeling, conceptual and philosophical foundations. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmström, J., & Truex, D. (2001). What does it mean to be an informed IS researcher? Some criteria for the selection and use of social theories in IS research. Information Systems Research Seminar in Scandinavia (IRIS), 313–326.

  • HTTP (1999). Hypertext transfer protocol – HTTP/1.1. Retrieved June 7, 2005, from http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616.html.

  • Ibbotson, J. (2001). ebXML trading-partners specification. Paper presented at the XML Europe, Internationales Congress Centrum (ICC). Berlin, Germany.

  • Jertila, A., & Schoop, M. (2005). The language–action perspective and the semantic Web – A language–action approach to electronic contracts. Paper presented at the International Working Conference on the Language–Action Perspective on Communication Modelling (LAP), Kiruna, Sweden.

  • Kimbrough, S. O., & Yang, Y. (2004). Action at the tables: Sketching a tabular representation for utterances under the language–action perspective. Paper presented at the International Working Conference on the Language–Action Perspective on Communication Modelling (LAP).

  • Klein, H. K., & Huynh, M. Q. (2004). The critical social theory of jürgen habermas and its implications for IS research. In J. Mingers & L. Willcocks (Eds.), Social theory and philosophy for information systems (pp. 157–237). West Sussex, England: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kreger, H. (2001). Web Services Conceptual Architecture (WSCA 1.0). Retrieved June 6, 2005, from http://www-306.ibm.com/software/solutions/webservices/pdf/WSCA.pdf, May.

  • Kreger, H. (2003). Fulfilling the Web services promise. Communications of the ACM, 46(6), 29–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lemniotes, T., Papadopoulos, G. A., & Arbab, F. (2004). Coordinating Web services using channel based communication. Paper presented at the Computer Software and Applications Conference (COMPSAC).

  • Lind, M., & Goldkuhl, G. (1997). Reconstruction of different business processes – A theory and method driven analysis. Paper presented at the International Working Conference on the Language–Action Perspective on Communication Modelling (LAP). Eindhoven University of Technology.

  • Lind, M., & Goldkuhl, G. (2001). Generic layered patterns for business modelling. International Working Conference on the Language–Action Perspective on Communication Modelling (LAP).

  • Ljungberg, J., & Holm, P. (1997). Speech acts on trial. In L. Mathiassen (Ed.), Computers and design in context (pp. 317–348). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lyytinen, K. (2004). The struggle with the language in the IT – Why is LAP not in the Mainstream? Paper presented at the International Working Conference on the Language–Action Perspective on Communication Modelling (LAP). New Brunswick, NJ.

  • Lyytinen, K., Lehitnen, E., & Auramäki, E. (1987). SAMPO: A speech-act based office modelling approach. ACM SIGOIS Bulletin, 8(4), 11–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Manes, A. T. (2003). Web services: A Manager’s guide. Reading, MA: Addison–Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Medina-Mora, R., Winograd, T., Flores, R., & Flores, F. (1992). The action workflow approach to workflow management technology. Paper presented at the ACM conference on Computer-supported cooperative work. Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

  • Moore, S. A. (2000). On conversation policies and the need for exceptions. In F. Dignum & M. Greaves (Eds.), Issues in Agent Communication. (vol. 1916, pp. 144–159). Berlin Heidelberg New York: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Moore, S. A. (2001). A foundation for flexible automated electronic communication. Information Systems Research, 12(1), 34–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mukhi, N. K., Plebani, P., SilvaLepe, I., & Mikalsen, T. (2004). Supporting policy-driven behaviors in web services: experiences and issues. Paper presented at the International Conference on Service Oriented Computing (ICSOC). New York, NY, USA.

  • Navathe, S., Elmasri, R., & Larson, J. (1986). Integrating user views in database design. IEEE Computer, 19(1), 50–62.

    Google Scholar 

  • OASIS (2005). Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS). Retrieved June 6, 2005, from http://www.oasis-open.org/home/index.php.

  • OSI (1994). ISO 7498: Open system interconnection model. ACM SIGCOMM.

  • OWL (2004). OWL Web Ontology Language Overview. Retrieved February 27, 2005, 10 February.

  • Paolucci, M., & Sycara, K. (2004). Semantic Web services: Current status and future directions. Paper presented at the IEEE International Conference on Web Services (ICWS).

  • Paolucci, M., Sycara, K., Nishimura, T., & Srinivasan, N. (2003). Toward semantic web services. Paper presented at the Workshop on E-Services and the Semantic Web (ESSW). Budapest, Hungary.

  • Papazoglou, M. P., & Georgakopoulos, D. (2003). Service oriented computing. Communications of the ACM, 46(10), 24–28.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rawlins, M. C. (2002). ebXML – A critical analysis. Rawlins EC consulting, April 25.

  • Reijswoud, V. v., & Lind, M. (1998). Comparing two business modelling approaches in the language action perspective. Paper presented at the International Working Conference on the Language–Action Perspective on Communication Modelling (LAP).

  • Reijswoud, V. v., Mulder, H. B. F., & Dietz, J. L. G. (1999). Communicative action-based business process and information systems modelling with DEMO. Information Systems Journal, 9(2), 117–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Schoop, M. (2001). An introduction to the language–action perspective. ACM SIGGROUP Bulletin, 22(2), 3–8.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schoop, M. (2002). Business communication in electronic commerce. Paper presented at the International Working Conference on the Language–Action Perspective on Communication Modelling (LAP).

  • Schoop, M. (2003). A language–action approach to electronic negotiations. International Working Conference on the Language–Action Perspective on Communication Modelling (LAP).

  • Searle, J. (1969). Speech acts: An essay in the philosophy of language. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sleeper, B., & Robins, B. (2001). Defining Web services. The stencil group.

  • SOAP (2003). Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) Version 1.2. Retrieved February 19, 2005, from http://www.w3.org/TR/soap12-part1/, 24 June.

  • SWS Arch (2005). Semantic Web services architecture. Retrieved June 7, 2005, from http://www.daml.org/services/swsa/note/swsa-note_v5.html, April.

  • SWS Glossary (2005). Semantic Web services glossary. Retrieved October 31, 2005, from http://www.daml.org/services/swsf/1.0/overview/#sec-glossary, May 9.

  • SWSL (2005). Semantic Web Services Language (SWSL). Retrieved February 27, 2005, from http://www.daml.org/services/swsl/index.html.

  • Turner, M., Budgen, D., & Brereton, P. (2003). Turning software into a service. IEEE Computer Society, 36(10), 38–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • UDDI (2005, January 19, 2004). Universal Description Discovery and Integration (UDDI). Retrieved February 19, 2005, from http://uddi.org/pubs/uddi-v3.0.2-20041019.htm.

  • Umapathy, K., Purao, S., & Sugumaran, V. (2003). Facilitating conversations among web services as speech-act based discourses. Paper presented at the Workshop on information technologies and systems. Seattle, WA, USA.

  • Verharen, E., Dignum, F., & Weigand, H. (1996). A language/action perspective on cooperative information agents. Proceedings of the First International Workhshop on Communication Modeling.

  • Weigand, H., Heuvel, W.-J. v. d., & Dignum, F. (1998). Modelling electronic commerce transaction – A layered approach. Paper presented at the International Working Conference on the Language–Action Perspective on Communication Modelling (LAP).

  • Winograd, T., & Flores, F. (1986). Understanding computers and cognition: A new foundation for design. Boston, USA: Addison–Wesley.

    Google Scholar 

  • WS Activity (2005). Web services activity statement. Retrieved February 19, 2005, from http://www.w3.org/2002/ws/Activity, January 28.

  • WS Arch (2005). Web services architecture. Retrieved February 17, 2005, from http://www.w3.org/TR/2004/NOTE-ws-arch-20040211/, 11 February.

  • WS-Addressing (2005). Web Services Addressing (WS-Addressing). Retrieved April 12, 2005, from http://www.w3.org/2002/ws/addr/.

  • WS–BPEL (2005). Web Services Business Process Execution Language (WS–BPEL). Retrieved February 19, 2005, from http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=wsbpel.

  • WS–CDL (2004, 17 December 2004). Web Services Choreography Description Language (WS–CDL). Retrieved April 11, 2005, from http://www.w3.org/TR/ws-cdl-10/.

  • WS–CF (2004). Web Services Coordination Framework Specification (WS–CF). Retrieved May 12, 2005, from http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/download.php/10889/WSCF-Working-12-22.pdf, 22 December.

  • WSCI (2002). Web Service Choreography Interface (WSCI). Retrieved June 6, 2005, from http://www.w3.org/TR/wsci/, 8 August.

  • WSDL (2001). Web Service Description Lanaguage (WSDL). Retrieved February 19, Year, from http://www.w3.org/TR/wsdl, 15 March.

  • WSDM (2005). Web Services Distributed Management (WSDM). Retrieved April 12, 2005, from http://www.oasis-open.org/committees/tc_home.php?wg_abbrev=wsdm, March 9.

  • WS Glossary (2004). Web services glossary. Retrieved October 31, 2005, from http://www.w3.org/TR/ws-gloss/, 11 February.

  • WS-Reliability (2004). Web Services Reliability (WS–Reliability). Retrieved May 12, 2005, from http://docs.oasis-open.org/wsrm/2004/06/WS-Reliability-CD1.086.pdf, 24 August.

  • WS-Security (2004). Web Services Security: SOAP Message Security (WS–Security). Retrieved April 13, 2005, from http://docs.oasis-open.org/wss/2004/01/oasis-200401-wss-soap-message-security-1.0.pdf, 01, March.

  • WS SWSIG (2002). Semantic web services interest group. Retrieved June 6, 2005, from http://www.w3.org/2002/ws/swsig/.

  • WS–TXM (2003). Web Services Transaction Management (WS–TXM). Retrieved May 12, 2005, from http://developers.sun.com/techtopics/webservices/wscaf/wstxm.pdf, July 28.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Karthikeyan Umapathy.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Umapathy, K., Purao, S. A theoretical investigation of the emerging standards for web services. Inf Syst Front 9, 119–134 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-006-9021-4

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-006-9021-4

Keywords

Navigation