Skip to main content
Log in

An Efficient Branch-and-bound Algorithm for Finding a Maximum Clique with Computational Experiments

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Journal of Global Optimization Aims and scope Submit manuscript

An Erratum to this article was published on 14 October 2008

Abstract

We present an exact and efficient branch-and-bound algorithm MCR for finding a maximum clique in an arbitrary graph. The algorithm is not specialized for any particular type of graph. It employs approximate coloring to obtain an upper bound on the size of a maximum clique along with an improved appropriate sorting of vertices. We demonstrate by computational experiments on random graphs with up to 15,000 vertices and on DIMACS benchmark graphs that in general, our algorithm decidedly outperforms other existing algorithms. The algorithm has been successfully applied to interesting problems in bioinformatics, image processing, design of quantum circuits, and design of DNA and RNA sequences for biomolecular computation.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Akutsu, T., Hayashida, M., Bahadur, D.K.C., Tomita, E., Suzuki, J., Horimoto, K. Dynamic programming and clique based approaches for protein threading with profiles and constraints, IEICE Trans. on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences E89-A 1215–1222 (2006): The preliminary version was presented in: Akutsu, T., Hayashida, M., Tomita, E., Suzuki, J., Horimoto, K.: Protein threading with profiles and constraints, Proc. IEEE Symposium on Bioinformatics and Bioengineering (BIBE 2004). pp. 537–544 (2004)

  • Bahadur D.K.C., Akutsu T., Tomita E., Seki T., Fujiyama A. (2002) Point matching under non-uniform distortions and protein side chain packing based on efficient maximum clique algorithms. Genome Inform. 13, 143–152

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahadur D.K.C., Tomita E., Suzuki J., Horimoto K., Akutsu T. (2005) Protein side-chain packing problem: a maximum edge-weight clique algorithmic approach. J. Bioinform Comput. Biol. 3, 103–126

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bahadur D.K.C., Tomita E., Suzuki J., Horimoto K., Akutsu T. (2006) Protein threading with profiles and distance constraints using clique based algorithms. J. Bioinform. Comput. Biol. 4, 19–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balas E., Yu C.S. (1986) Finding a maximum clique in an arbitrary graph. SIAM J. Comput. 15, 1054–1068

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Balas, E., Ceria, S., Cornuéjols, G., Pataki, G. Polyhedral methods for the maximum clique problem, In: Johnson and Trick (eds.) pp. 11–28 (1996)

  • Bomze I.M., Budinich M., Pardalos P.M., Pelillo M. (1999). The Maximum Clique Problem. In: Du D.-Z., Pardalos P.M. (eds). Handbook of Combinatorial Optimization. Supplement Vol. A, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, pp. 1–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Bourjolly, J.-M., Gill, P., Laporte, G., Mercure, H. An exact quadratic 0-1 algorithm for the stable set problem, In: Johnson and Trick (eds.) pp. 53–73 (1996)

  • Carraghan R., Pardalos P.M. (1990) An exact algorithm for the maximum clique problem. Oper. Res. Lett. 9, 375–382

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corno, F., Prinetto, P., Sonza Reorda, M. Using symbolic techniques to find the maximum clique in very large sparse graphs. Proc. European Design and Test Conference(EDTC 1995). pp. 320–324 (1995)

  • Fahle, T. Simple and fast: Improving a branch-and-bound algorithm for maximum clique. European Symposium on Algorithms 2002, LNCS 2461. pp. 485–498 (2002)

  • Fujii, T., Tomita, E. On efficient algorithms for finding a maximum clique. Technical Report of IECE, AL81-113. pp. 25–34 (1982)

  • Hotta K., Tomita, E., Takahashi, H. A view-invariant human face detection method based on maximum cliques. Trans. IPSJ, 44, SIG14(TOM9), 57–70 (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnson, D.S., Trick, M.A. (eds.) Cliques, coloring, and satisfiability. DIMACS Series in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, vol. 26. American Mathematical Society Providence, RI (1996)

  • Kobayashi, S., Kondo, T., Okuda, K., Tomita, E. (2003), Extracting globally structure free sequences by local structure freeness, In: Chen, J., Reif, J. (eds.): Proc. Ninth International Meeting on DNA Based Computers, p. 206 (2003)

  • Nakui, Y., Nishino, T., Tomita, E., Nakamura, T. On the minimization of the quantum circuit depth based on a maximum clique with maximum vertex weight. Technical Report of RIMS, 1325, pp. 45–50. Kyoto University (2003)

  • Östergård P.R.J. (2002) A fast algorithm for the maximum clique problem. Discrete Appl. Math. 120, 197–207

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pardalos P.M., Xue J. (1994) The maximum clique problem. J. Global Optim. 4, 301–328

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Robson J.M. (1986) Algorithms for maximum independent sets. J. Algorithm 7, 425–440

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sewell E.C. (1998) A branch and bound algorithm for the stability number of a sparse graph. INFORMS J. Comput. 10, 438–447

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stix V. (2003) Target-oriented branch and bound method for global optimization. J. Global Optim. 26, 261–277

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tarjan R.E., Trojanowski A.E. (1977) Finding a maximum independent set. SIAM J. Comput. 6, 537–546

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tomita, E., Yamada, M. An algorithm for finding a maximum complete subgraph. Conference Records of IECE (Technical Report of the National Convention of IECE 1978), p. 8 (1978)

  • Tomita, E., Kohata, Y., Takahashi, H. A simple algorithm for finding a maximum clique. Technical Report of the University of Electro-Communications, UEC-TR-C5(1) (1988)

  • Tomita, E., Seki, T. An efficient branch-and-bound algorithm for finding a maximum clique. Proc. Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science. LNCS 2731, pp. 278–289 (2003)

  • Tomita, E., Kameda, T. (revised 2006), An efficient branch-and-bound algorithm for finding a maximum clique with computational experiments. Technical Report of the University of Electro-Communications, UEC-TR-CAS10-2005 (2005)

  • Tomita, E., Nakagawa, T., Urabe, S. An experimental comparison of algorithms for finding a maximum clique. Technical Report of The University of Electro-Communications, UEC-TR-CAS3-2006 (2006)

  • Tomita, E., Tanaka, A., Takahashi, H. (to appear), The worst-case time complexity for generating all maximal cliques and computational experiments, Theoretical Computer Science (An invited paper in the Special Issue on COCOON 2004). The preliminary version was presented in Tomita, E., Tanaka, A., Takahashi, H., The worst-case time complexity for generating all maximal cliques. Proc. International Computing and Combinatorics Conference (COCOON 2004), LNCS 3106. pp. 278–289.

  • Wood D.R. (1977) An algorithm for finding a maximum clique in a graph. Operations Res. Lett. 21, 211–217

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Etsuji Tomita.

Additional information

An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10898-008-9362-2.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Tomita, E., Kameda, T. An Efficient Branch-and-bound Algorithm for Finding a Maximum Clique with Computational Experiments. J Glob Optim 37, 95–111 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10898-006-9039-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10898-006-9039-7

Keywords

Navigation