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Surface Couplings for Subdomain-Wise Isoviscous Gradient Based Stokes Finite Element Discretizations

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Abstract

The Stokes system with constant viscosity can be cast into different formulations by exploiting the incompressibility constraint. For instance, the rate of strain tensor in the weak formulation can be replaced by the velocity-gradient yielding a decoupling of the velocity components in the different coordinate directions. Consequently, the discretization of this partly decoupled formulation leads to fewer nonzero entries in the stiffness matrix. This is of particular interest in large scale simulations where a reduced memory bandwidth requirement can help to significantly accelerate the computations. In the case of a piecewise constant viscosity, as it typically arises in multi-phase flows, or when the boundary conditions involve traction, the situation is more complex, and one has to treat the cross derivatives in the original Stokes system with care. A naive application of the standard vectorial Laplacian results in a physically incorrect solution, while formulations based on the rate of strain tensor increase the computational effort globally. Here, we propose a new approach that is consistent with the stress-divergence formulation and preserves the decoupling advantages of the velocity-gradient-divergence formulation in isoviscous subdomains. The modification is equivalent to locally changing the discretization stencils at interfaces or boundaries. Hence, the more expensive discretization is of lower complexity, making the additional computational cost in large scale simulations negligible. We establish consistency and convergence properties and show that in a massively parallel setup, the multigrid solution of the resulting discrete systems is faster than for the classical stress-divergence formulation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Numerical Mathematics (M2), Technische Universität München, Boltzmannstrasse 3, 85748, Garching bei München, Germany

    Markus Huber & Barbara Wohlmuth

  2. Department of Computer Science 10, FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Cauerstraße 6, 91058, Erlangen, Germany

    Ulrich Rüde

  3. liNear GmbH, Im Süsterfeld 20, 52072, Aachen, Germany

    Christian Waluga

Authors
  1. Markus Huber
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  2. Ulrich Rüde
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  3. Christian Waluga
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  4. Barbara Wohlmuth
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Correspondence to Christian Waluga.

Additional information

This work was supported (in part) by the German Research Foundation (DFG) through the Priority Programme 1648 “Software for Exascale Computing” (SPPEXA) and through WO671/11-1. The authors gratefully acknowledge the Gauss Centre for Supercomputing (GCS) for providing computing time through the John von Neumann Institute for Computing (NIC) on the GCS share of the supercomputer JUQUEEN at Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC).

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Huber, M., Rüde, U., Waluga, C. et al. Surface Couplings for Subdomain-Wise Isoviscous Gradient Based Stokes Finite Element Discretizations. J Sci Comput 74, 895–919 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10915-017-0470-3

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