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A Tri- State Filter for the Removal of Salt and Pepper Noise in Mammogram Images

  • Image & Signal Processing
  • Published:
Journal of Medical Systems Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A new algorithm which uses tree based decision and tri-state non linear values to eliminate high density outlier noise in mammogram images is proposed. The proposed algorithm uses the number of non noisy pixels in the current processing vicinity as values in the decision tree. Tri-state values such as unsymmetrical truncated median or modified Winsorized mean or midpoint replaces the corrupted pixel based on the decision tree in the current processing kernel. The algorithm exhibits good PSNR, IEF, low MSE and High structural preservation property even after removing high density noise. The performance of the proposed algorithm was also found good visually. The Key aspect of the work is the combination of tree based decision and tri-state non linear values which preserves the information content of images that are required for further processing.

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Abbreviations

DBA:

Decision based algorithm

SPN:

Salt and pepper noise removal

PSNR:

Peak signal to noise ratio

MSE:

Mean square error

IEF:

Image enhancement factor

SSIM:

Structural similarity index metric

SMF:

Standard median filter

AMF:

Adaptive median filter

PSMF:

Progressive switched median filter

IDBA:

Improved decision based median filter

CUTMF:

Cascaded unsymmetrical trimmed median filter

CUTMPF:

Cascaded unsymmetrical trimmed midpoint filter

MDBUTMF:

Modified decision based unsymmetrical trimmed median filter

DBUTMPF:

Decision based unsymmetrical trimmed midpoint filter

DBSIF:

Decision based spline interpolation filter

TSF:

Trisate filter (proposed algorithm)

X:

Probability density function

Sa,b :

Corresponding pixel of the noisy image

K(a,b):

Current processing pixel

S1(a,b):

Array holding sorted pixels of current processing window

MXN:

Size of the image

x:

Original image

y:

Restored image

n:

Corrupted image

count:

Number of non noisy pixels in the current processing window

μx:

Average of the original image

μy:

Average of the restored image

L:

Dynamic range of pixel value

σx:

Standard deviation of the original image

σy:

Standard deviation of the restored image

i:

Kernel size of original image

j:

Kernal size of the restored image

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Sri Ramanujar Engineering College, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India

    Varatharajan Ramachandran

  2. Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India

    Vasanth Kishorebabu

Authors
  1. Varatharajan Ramachandran
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  2. Vasanth Kishorebabu
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Correspondence to Varatharajan Ramachandran.

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Conflict of Interest

Varatharajan declares that he has no conflict of interest. Vasanth Kishorebabu declares that he/she has no conflict of interest.

Ethical Approval

Articles do not contain studies with human participants or animals by any of the authors. Images used in the work are stored in database given in website given in reference 30.The images used in the database can be used for research.

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Ramachandran, V., Kishorebabu, V. A Tri- State Filter for the Removal of Salt and Pepper Noise in Mammogram Images. J Med Syst 43, 40 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10916-018-1133-0

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