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An adaptive reversible steganographic scheme based on the just noticeable distortion

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Abstract

In this paper, we propose an adaptive reversible steganographic scheme based on the just noticeable distortion (JND). First, the JND value of each cover pixel is calculated using the frequency model of the human visual system (HVS). Then, the prediction value of the cover pixel is acquired by anisotropic interpolation, and also the pixel distribution characteristic is estimated. Finally, whether the cover pixel is embeddable or not is adaptively determined according to the relationship between the prediction error and the JND value. The embedding procedure is based on modifying the prediction error of each cover pixel, and the visual degradation caused by embedding is imperceptible due to the control of JND. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme provides a greater embedding rate and higher quality of stego image than other methods that have been reported recently.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (61303203), the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, China (13ZR1428400), the Innovation Program of Shanghai Municipal Education Commission (14YZ087), and the OECE Innovation Foundation of USST.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, China

    Chuan Qin

  2. Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, 100 Wenhwa Road, Taichung, 40724, Taiwan

    Chin-Chen Chang

  3. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan

    Chin-Chen Chang

  4. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, 62102, Taiwan

    Chia-Chun Lin

Authors
  1. Chuan Qin
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  2. Chin-Chen Chang
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  3. Chia-Chun Lin
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Correspondence to Chin-Chen Chang.

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Qin, C., Chang, CC. & Lin, CC. An adaptive reversible steganographic scheme based on the just noticeable distortion. Multimed Tools Appl 74, 1983–1995 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1733-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-013-1733-0

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