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Universal embedding strategy for batch adaptive steganography in both spatial and JPEG domain

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Abstract

In this paper, we present a universal embedding strategy for batch adaptive steganography in both spatial and JPEG domain. This strategy can make up for the problem when applying batch steganography to adaptive steganography in JPEG domain meanwhile improve the secure performance in spatial domain. When embedding, the strategy are employed to determine the sub-batch of cover images to carry the total message. To evaluate the feasibility of images selected as sub-batch, we calculate the histogram equilibrium for each image and the images with larger “size” and more equilibrated histogram are set a high priority when determining the sub-batch. The histogram equilibrium of images is the combination of entropy and standard deviation for the probability of histogram coefficients. We keep the repetitive information of using entropy and standard deviation to measure the histogram equilibrium. Experimental results show that histogram equilibriums vary according to images and employing images with larger “size” and more equilibrated histogram to carry the total message is a universal embedding strategy for both spatial and JPEG domain. Batch adaptive steganography with this embedding strategy can improve the secure performance effectively.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China under U1536105 and U1636102, and National Key Technology R&D Program under 2014BAH41B01, 2016YFB0801003 and 2016QY15Z2500.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Information Security, Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China

    Zengzhen Zhao, Qingxiao Guan, Xianfeng Zhao, Haibo Yu & Changjun Liu

  2. School of Cyber Security, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China

    Zengzhen Zhao, Qingxiao Guan, Xianfeng Zhao, Haibo Yu & Changjun Liu

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  1. Zengzhen Zhao
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  2. Qingxiao Guan
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  3. Xianfeng Zhao
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  4. Haibo Yu
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  5. Changjun Liu
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Correspondence to Qingxiao Guan.

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Zhao, Z., Guan, Q., Zhao, X. et al. Universal embedding strategy for batch adaptive steganography in both spatial and JPEG domain. Multimed Tools Appl 77, 14093–14113 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-5016-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-017-5016-z

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