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Ambiguity attacks on SVD audio watermarking approach using chaotic encrypted images

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Abstract

In this paper, we study the robustness of the proposed watermarking algorithm by Al-Nuaimy et al. (Digit Signal Process 21(6):764–779 2011) for audio signals which is based on singular value decomposition (SVD). It has been concluded that it is fundamentally flawed in its design, in that it falls to two ambiguity attacks where the extracted watermark is not the embedded one but determined by the reference watermark. In the first attack, when a watermarked audio signal is rewatermarked by an attacker’s watermark, this one can be easily extracted to claim ownership of the original audio signal. In the second attack, during the extracting process when an attacker uses the singular vectors of his watermark, he can extract the attacker’s watermark. Therefore, he can claim ownership of the watermarked audio signal. The experimental results prove that the proposed attacks create a false positive detection in watermark extraction. Therefore, Al-Nuaimy et al. algorithm cannot be used for security systems, data hiding and copyright protection.

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Notes

  1. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sound Media MIT, https://sound.media.mit.edu/media.php.

  2. Only 65536 samples of each audio signal is considered in simulation

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Development Research Center, Algiers, Algeria

    Noureddine Mehallegue, Khaled Loukhaoukha & Khalil Zebbiche

  2. School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University, Belfast, UK

    Noureddine Mehallegue & Khalil Zebbiche

  3. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Laval University, Quebec, Canada

    Khaled Loukhaoukha

  4. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY, USA

    Ahmed Refaey

  5. Institut National de Criminalistique et de Criminologie (INCC-GN), Bouchaoui, Algiers, Algeria

    Mourad Djellab

Authors
  1. Noureddine Mehallegue
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  2. Khaled Loukhaoukha
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  3. Khalil Zebbiche
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  4. Ahmed Refaey
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  5. Mourad Djellab
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Correspondence to Khaled Loukhaoukha.

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Mehallegue, N., Loukhaoukha, K., Zebbiche, K. et al. Ambiguity attacks on SVD audio watermarking approach using chaotic encrypted images. Multimed Tools Appl 79, 2031–2045 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08271-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08271-z

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