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A hybrid-Sudoku based fragile watermarking scheme for image tampering detection

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Abstract

Protection of intellectual property rights has become one of the focuses of social concerning. To reduce those disputations, the watermark is implanted into the media by the content owner to declare original copyright. Among which, the high payload can achieve the accurate tampering localization, but maybe bring low visual quality watermarked image. Both accurate tampering localization and high watermarked image quality seem contradictory. For this, this paper proposes a hybrid-Sudoku based fragile watermarking scheme for digital image tampering detection. The hybrid-Sudoku based scheme provides a double perspective mechanism to embed the watermark. In the first perspective of the Sudoku, the watermark is virtually embedded into each pixel pair, resulting in the temporary coordinate information. Then, the temporary coordinate information is concealed into cover image based on the second perspective of the Sudoku. Finally, several common attacks are utilized to evaluate the tampering detection performance of the proposed method. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can achieve a considerable accuracy in tampering localization and provide the satisfactory visual quality of watermarked image, with PSNR of 47.80 dB. Additionally, the design enhances the security and imperceptive of the hidden watermark.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Open Fund of Engineering Research Center for ICH Digitalization and Multi-Source Information Fusion of Fujian Province (FJ-ICH201901), the Education-Scientific Research Project for Middle-Aged and Young of Fujian Province (JT180621, JAT190488 and JAT201368).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Engineering Research Center for ICH Digitalization and Multi-source Information Fusion (Fujian Polytechnic Normal University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, 350300, People’s Republic of China

    Guo-Dong Su

  2. Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, Feng Chia University, No. 100 Wenhwa Rd., Seatwen, Taichung, 40724, Taiwan, Republic of China

    Guo-Dong Su & Chin-Chen Chang

  3. School of Information Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, People’s Republic of China

    Chih-Cheng Chen

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  1. Guo-Dong Su
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  2. Chin-Chen Chang
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  3. Chih-Cheng Chen
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Correspondence to Chin-Chen Chang.

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Su, GD., Chang, CC. & Chen, CC. A hybrid-Sudoku based fragile watermarking scheme for image tampering detection. Multimed Tools Appl 80, 12881–12903 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-10451-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-10451-1

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