Abstract
Recent advanced driving systems are used as luxury tools to handle a difficult or repetitive task. One of the most important tasks is traffic signs detection that provides the driver with a global view of traffic signs on the road. A traffic signs detection application should be able to detect and understand each traffic sign. To develop a robust traffic sign detection application, we propose to use the deep learning technique to process visual data. The proposed application is used for an embedded implementation. To solve this task, we propose to use the deep learning technique based on convolutional neural networks. As known, a convolutional neural network needs a big amount of data to be trained. To solve the problem, we build a dataset for traffic signs detection. The dataset contains 10,500 images from 73 traffic signs classes. The images are captured from the Chinese roads under real environmental conditions. The proposed application achieves high performance on the proposed dataset with a mean average precision of 84.22%. Also, the proposed application can be easily used for embedded implementation because of its lightweight model size and its fast inference speed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Yu J, Zhu C, Zhang J, Huang Q, Tao D (2019) Spatial pyramid-enhanced NetVLAD with weighted triplet loss for place recognition. IEEE Trans Neural Netw Learn Syst. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNNLS.2019.2908982
Hong C, Yu J, Zhang J, Jin X, Lee K-H (2018) Multi-modal face pose estimation with multi-task manifold deep learning. IEEE Trans Ind Inform 15(7):3952–3961
Ayachi R, Said Y, Atri M (2019) To perform road signs recognition for autonomous vehicles using cascaded deep learning pipeline. Artif Intell Adv 1(1):1–10
Afif M, Ayachi R, Said Y, Pissaloux E, Atri M (2018). Indoor image recognition and classification via deep convolutional neural network. In: International conference on the sciences of electronics, technologies of information and telecommunications. Springer, Cham, pp 364–371
Yu J, Tao D, Wang M, Rui Y (2014) Learning to rank using user clicks and visual features for image retrieval. IEEE Trans Cybern 45(4):767–779
Zhang J, Yu J, Tao D (2018) Local deep-feature alignment for unsupervised dimension reduction. IEEE Trans Image Process 27(5):2420–2432
Ayachi R, Afif M, Said Y, Atri M (2018) Strided convolution instead of max pooling for memory efficiency of convolutional neural networks. In: International conference on the sciences of electronics, technologies of information and telecommunications. Springer, Cham, pp 234–243
LeCun Y, Kavukcuoglu K, Farabet C (2010) Convolutional networks and applications in vision. In: Proceedings of 2010 IEEE international symposium on circuits and systems. IEEE, pp 253–256
Simonyan K, Zisserman A (2014) Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. arXiv preprint arXiv:1409.1556
Ren S, He K, Girshick R, Sun J (2015) Faster r-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. In: Advances in neural information processing systems, pp 91–99
Howard AG, Zhu M, Chen B, Kalenichenko D, Wang W, Weyand T, Andreetto M, Adam H (2017) Mobilenets: efficient convolutional neural networks for mobile vision applications. arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.04861
Everingham M, Van Gool L, Williams CK, Winn J, Zisserman A (2010) The pascal visual object classes (voc) challenge. Int J Comput Vis 88(2):303–338
Girshick R, Donahue J, Darrell T, Malik J (2014) Rich feature hierarchies for accurate object detection and semantic segmentation. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 580–587
Uijlings JR, Van De Sande KE, Gevers T, Smeulders AW (2013) Selective search for object recognition. Int J Comput Vis 104(2):154–171
Girshick R (2015) Fast r-CNN. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on computer vision, pp 1440–1448
Ren S, He K, Girshick R, Sun J (2015) Faster r-CNN: towards real-time object detection with region proposal networks. In: Advances in neural information processing systems, pp 91–99
Liu W, Anguelov D, Erhan D, Szegedy C, Reed S, Fu CY, Berg AC (2016) SSD: single shot multibox detector. In: European conference on computer vision. Springer, Cham, pp 21–37
Redmon J, Divvala S, Girshick R, Farhadi A (2016) You only look once: unified, real-time object detection. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 779–788
Redmon J, Farhadi A (2017) YOLO9000: better, faster, stronger. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 7263–7271
Redmon J, Farhadi A (2018) Yolov3: an incremental improvement. arXiv preprint arXiv:1804.02767
Meng Z, Fan X, Chen X, Chen M, Tong Y (2017) Detecting small signs from large images. In: 2017 IEEE international conference on information reuse and integration (IRI). IEEE, pp 217–224
Zhang J, Huang M, Jin X, Li X (2017) A real-time Chinese traffic sign detection algorithm based on modified YOLOv2. Algorithms 10(4):127
Zhu Z, Liang D, Zhang S, Huang X, Li B, Hu S (2016) Traffic-sign detection and classification in the wild. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 2110–2118
Rothe R, Guillaumin M, Van Gool L (2014) Non-maximum suppression for object detection by passing messages between windows. In: Asian conference on computer vision. Springer, Cham, pp 290–306
Lai Y, Wang N, Yang Y, Lin L (2018) Traffic signs recognition and classification based on deep feature learning. In: ICPRAM, pp 622–629
Tzutalin (2015) Labeling. Git code. https://github.com/tzutalin/labelImg. Accessed 1 Sept 2019
Everingham M, Van Gool L, Williams CK, Winn J, Zisserman A (2010) The pascal visual object classes (voc) challenge. Int J Comput Vis 88(2):303–338
Zhu Z, Liang D, Zhang S, Huang X, Li B, Hu S (2016) Traffic-sign detection and classification in the wild. In: Proceedings of the IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, pp 2110–2118
Hynes N, Cheng R, Song D (2018) Efficient deep learning on multi-source private data. arXiv preprint arXiv:1807.06689
LeCun Y, Touresky D, Hinton G, Sejnowski T (1988) A theoretical framework for back-propagation. In: Proceedings of the 1988 connectionist models summer school, vol 1. Morgan Kaufmann, CMU, Pittsburgh, PA, pp 21–28
Houben S, Stallkamp J, Salmen J, Schlipsing M, Igel C (2013) Detection of traffic signs in real-world images: the German traffic sign detection benchmark. In: The 2013 international joint conference on neural networks (IJCNN). IEEE, pp 1–8
Larsson F, Felsberg M (2011) Using Fourier descriptors and spatial models for traffic sign recognition. In Proceedings of the 17th Scandinavian conference on image analysis, SCIA 2011, LNCS 6688, pp 238–249
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ayachi, R., Afif, M., Said, Y. et al. Traffic Signs Detection for Real-World Application of an Advanced Driving Assisting System Using Deep Learning. Neural Process Lett 51, 837–851 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-019-10115-8
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11063-019-10115-8