Abstract
Optical burst switching (OBS) is thought to be the best way to adapt bursty traffic of IP-based next generation network services. However, there are a lot of challenges to make OBS networking a reality. Of most concern is burst contention avoidance. The major contention avoidance resolutions in literature are wavelength conversion, fiber delay lines, and deflecting routing. They are very vulnerable to network load and may suffer from severe data loss in case of heavy traffic. Even at moderate traffic, contention caused by using these methods lead to burst blocking and data losses. In this article, a novel contention avoidance technique is presented by using the parallel link server (PLS) architecture, which may overcome the lack of information at the edge node and the absence of global coordination among nodes. Using Poisson and Self-Similar traffic arrival models, the proposed mechanism is compared with the traditional single link server architecture through simulation in the 14-node national science foundation network. The numerical results show that this architecture, without additional other methods, can obtain burst blocking and data dropping probabilities with almost two orders of magnitudes less than those in the single link server architecture. Gains are achieved by less than 7% increase in end-to-end delay when carrying coordinated traffic and a load under 0.45.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ramaswami R. and Sivarajan K.N. (2002). Optical networks—a practical perspective, 2nd edn. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc., San Francisco
Qiao C. and Yoo M. (1999). Optical burst switching (OBS)—a new paradigm for an optical Internet. J. High Speed Networks 8(1): 69–84
Turner J. (1999). Terabit burst switching. J. High Speed Networks 8(1): 3–16
Qiao C. (2000). Labeled optical burst switching for IP-over-WDM Integration. IEEE Commun. Mag. 38(9): 104–114
Wany X., Morikawa H. and Aoyama T. (2002). Burst optical deflection routing protocol for wavelength routing WDM networks. SPIE Optical Networks Mag. 3(6): 12–19
Vokkarane, V.M., Jue, J.P., Sitaraman, S.: Burst segmentation: an approach for reducing packet loss in optical burst switched networks. In: Proceedings, IEEE ICC 2002, New York, USA, Apr. 2002, vol. 5, pp. 2673–2677
Farahmand, F., Jue, J.P.: Supporting QoS with look-ahead window contention resolution in optical burst switched networks. In: Proceedings, IEEE GLOBECOM 2003, San Francisco, CA, USA, Dec. 2003, pp. 2699–2673
Farahmand, F., Vokkarane, V.M., Jue, J.P.: Practical priority contention resolution for slotted optical burst switching networks. In: Proceedings, IEEE/SPIE First International Workshop on Optical Burst Switching 2003, Dallas, TX, Oct. 16, 2003
Thodime, G.P.V., Vokkarane, V.M., Jue, J.P.: Dynamic congestion-based load balanced routing in optical burst-switched networks. In: Proceedings, IEEE GLOBECOM 2003, San Francisco, CA, Dec. 2003, pp. 2628–2518
Li, J., Mohan, G., Chua, K.C.: Load balancing using adaptive alternate routing in IP-over-WDM optical burst switching networks. In: Proceedings, SPIE Optical Networking and Communication Conference (OptiComm) 2003, Dallas, TX, USA, Oct. 2003, vol. 5285, pp. 336–345
Wen, H., Song, H., Li, L., Wang, S.: Load-balancing contention resolution in LOBS based on GMPLS. In: Proceedings, Fourth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing, Applications and Technologies, ChengDu, China, Aug. 27–29, 2003, pp. 590–594
Detti, A., Listanti, M.: Impact of segments aggregation on TCP Reno flows in optical burst switching networks. In: Proceedings, IEEE INFOCOM, New York, USA, Jun. 23–27, 2002, vol. 3, pp. 1803–1812
Cao, X., Li, J., Chen, Y., Qiao, C.: TCP/IP packets assembly over optical burst switched networks. In: Proceedings, IEEE GLOBECOM 2002, Taipei, Taiwan, China, Nov. 17–21, 2002, pp. 2808–2812
Wang, S.Y.: Using TCP congestion control to improve the performances of optical burst switched networks. In: Proceedings, IEEE ICC 2003, Anchorage, Alaska, USA, May 11–15, 2003, vol. 2, pp. 1438–1442
Huang, X., Vokkarane, V.M., Jue, J.P.: Burst cloning: a proactive scheme to reduce data loss in optical burst-switched networks, http://www.utdallas.edu/~jjue/publications/clone_icc05.pdf
Farahmand, F., Zhang, Q., Jue, J.P.: A closed-loop rate based contention control for optical burst switched networks. In: Proceedings, IEEE GLOBECOM, St. Louis, Missouri, USA, Nov. 2005.
Duffy D., McIntosh A., Rosenstein M. and Willinger W. (1994). Statistical analysis of CCSN/SS7 traffic data from working CCS subnetworks. IEEE JSAC 12(3): 544–551
Garrett, M., Willinger, W.: Analysis, modeling and generation of Self-Similar VBR video traffic. In: Proceedings of SIGCOMM ’94, London, UK, Aug. 1994, pp. 269–280
Hettmansperger T. and Keenan M. et al. (1980). Tail weight, statistical inference and families of distributions—a brief survey. In: Patil, G.P. (eds) Statistical Distributions in Scientific Work, vol. 1, pp 161–172. Kluwer, Boston
Yuan, C., Huang, J., Li, Z., Xu, A.: A novel burst assembly algorithm for OBS networks—based on data-length time-lag product. In: Proceedings, Asia Pacific Conference on Communication, Perth, Western Australia, Oct. 3–5, 2005, pp. 319–323
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chi, Y., Zhengbin, L. & Anshi, X. Parallel link server architecture: a novel contention avoidance mechanism in OBS networks. Photon Netw Commun 14, 297–305 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-007-0088-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-007-0088-8