Abstract
Optical networks with flexible bandwidth provisioning are a very promising networking architecture. It enables efficient resource utilization and supports heterogeneous bandwidth demands. In this paper, we focus on the dynamic routing and spectrum allocation (RSA) problem which emerges in such networks and propose a novel dynamic RSA algorithm by means of ant colony optimization (ACO). In our proposed algorithm, ants are launched to modify the routing table according to the length and the spectrum fragmentation information along the path. A simulation study is performed considering five algorithms in terms of blocking probability: WDM-based RWA approach, KSP-based RSA approach, Slot-based RSA algorithm, and our proposed ACO-based RSA approach. We then compare the deterioration degree of blocking probability by adding more types of line rate. Simulation results indicate that our proposed ACO-based RSA approach achieves lower blocking probability, complexity, and higher adaptability to more line rates mixture.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Jinno, M., et al.: Spectrum-efficient and scalable elastic optical path network: architecture, benefits, and enabling technologies. IEEE Commun. Mag. 47(11), 66–73 (Nov. 2009)
Rival, O., et al.: Cost-efficiency of mixed 10–40-100Gb/s networks and elastic optical networks. In: Proceedings of OFC/NFOEC 2011, OTuI4 (2011)
Patel, A., et al.: Routing, wavelength assignment, and spectrum allocation in transparent flexible optical WDM (FWDM) networks. In: Proceedings of OSA Photonics in Switching, PDPWG1, July (2010)
Jinno, M., Takara, H., Kozichi, B.: Filtering characteristics of highly spectrum efficient spectrum-sliced elastic optical path (SLICE) network. In: Proceedings of OFC, JWa43 (2009)
Gringeri, S., Basch, B., Shukla, V., Egorov, R., Xia, T.J.: Flexible architectures for optical transport nodes and networks. IEEE Commun. Mag. 48(7), 40–50 (2010)
Sone, Y., et al.: Routing and spectrum assignment algorithm maximizes spectrum utilization in optical networks. In: Proceedings of ECOC 2011, Mo.1.K.3 (2011)
Christodoulopoulos, K., et al.: Spectrally/bitrate flexible optical network planning. In: Proceedings of ECOC 2010, We.8.D.3 (2010)
Wang, Y., Cao, X., Pan, Y.: A study of the routing and spectrum allocation in spectrum-sliced elastic optical path networks. In: Proceedings of INFORCOM 2011, pp. 1503–1511 (2011)
Christodoulopoulos, K., Tomkos, I., Varvarigos, E.A.: Elastic bandwidth allocation in flexible OFDM-based optical networks. J. Lightw. Technol. 29(9), 1354–1366 (2011)
Jinno, M., et al.: Distance-adaptive spectrum resource allocation in spectrum-sliced elastic optical path network. IEEE Commun. Mag. 48(8), 138–145 (2010)
Takagi, T., et al.: Disruption minimized spectrum defragmentation in elastic optical path networks that adopt distance adaptive modulation. In: Proceedings of ECOC 2011, Mo.2.K.3 (2011)
Wen, K., Yin, Y., et al.: Dynamic on-demand lightpath provisioning using spectral defragmentation in flexible bandwidth networks. In: Proceedings of ECOC 2011, Mo.2.K.4 (2011)
Wan, X., Wang, L., et al.: Dynamic routing and spectrum assignment in flexible optical path networks. In: Proceedings of OFC 2011, JWA55 (2011)
Dorigo, M., Sttzle, T.: Ant Colony Optimization. The MIT Press, Massachusetts (2004)
Dorigo, M., Gambardella, L.M.: Ant colony system: a cooperative leaning approach to the traveling salesman problem. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. 1(1), 53–66 (Apr. 1997)
Pavani, G.S., et al.: Routing and wavelength assignment with crankback re-routing extensions by means of ant colony optimization. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 28(4), 532–541 (2010)
Jinno, M., et al.: Distance-adaptive spectrum resource allocation in spectrum-sliced elastic optical path network. IEEE Commun. Mag. 48(8), 138–145 (Aug. 2010)
Wang, Y., Zhang, J., et al.: Routing and spectrum assignment by means of ant colony optimization in flexible bandwidth networks. In: Proceedings of OFC/NFOEC 2012, NTu2J.3 (2012)
Grasse, P.P.: La reconstruction du nid et les coordinations inter- individuelles chez Bellicoitermes natalenis et Cubitermes sp. La theorie de la stigmergie: Essai d’interpretation des termites constructeurs. Insectes Sociaux 6, 41–81 (1959)
Huang, Y., et al.: 10X456-Gb/s DP-16QAM transmission over 8X100 km of ULAF using coherent detection with a 30-GHz analog-to-digital converter. In: OECC, PDP (2010)
Moy, J.: OSPF version 2. Internet Request for Comments RFC 1247 (1991)
Muñoz, R., Casellas, R., Martínez, R.: Dynamic distributed spectrum allocation in GMPLS controlled elastic optical networks. In: Proceedings of ECOC 2011, Tu5.K.4 (2011)
Acknowledgments
This work has been supported in part by 863 program (2012AA011301), 973 program (2010CB328204), NSFC project (61271189, 61201154, 60932004), RFDP Project (20090005110013, 20120005120019), and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2013RC1201).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wang, Y., Zhang, J., Zhao, Y. et al. ACO-based routing and spectrum allocation in flexible bandwidth networks. Photon Netw Commun 25, 135–143 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-013-0397-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11107-013-0397-z