Skip to main content
Log in

Splitting a quantum secret without the assistance of entanglements

  • Published:
Quantum Information Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The existing secret sharing schemes of sharing quantum information usually require the resource of entanglements no matter they are based on quantum teleportation or remote state preparation. However, in the practical applications, it is difficult to build faithful and stable entangled channels among many users. We show how the quantum information splitting and reconstruction can be implemented without the assistance of entanglements and give a quantum secret sharing protocol based on the theory of quantum interference. We also discuss its security against the individual attacks and generalize its three-party case into a multiparty case.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Shamir A.: How to share a secret. Commun. ACM 22, 612 (1979)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  2. Blakley, G.R.: Safeguarding cryptographic keys. In: Proceedings of National Computer Conference, pp. 313–317. AFIPS, New York (1979)

  3. Hillery M., Bužek V., Berthiaume A.: Quantum secret sharing. Phys. Rev. A 59, 1829 (1999)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  ADS  Google Scholar 

  4. Karlsson A., Koashi M., Imoto N.: Quantum entanglement for secret sharing and secret splitting. Phys. Rev. A 59, 162 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  5. Gottesman D.: Theory of quantum secret sharing. Phys. Rev. A 61, 042311 (2000)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  6. Tittel W., Zbinden H., Gisin N.: Experimental demonstration of quantum secret sharing. Phys. Rev. A 63, 042301 (2001)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  7. Guo G.-P., Guo G.-C.: Quantum secret sharing without entanglement. Phys. Lett. A 310, 247–251 (2003)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bagherinezhad S., Karimipour V.: Quantum secret sharing based on reusable Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger states as secure carriers. Phys. Rev. A 67, 044302 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Xiao L., Long G.L., Deng F.G., Pan J.W.: Efficient multiparty quantum-secret-sharing schemes. Phys. Rev. A 69, 052307 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Schmid C., Trojek P., Bourennane M., Kurtsiefer C., Żukowski M., Weinfurter H.: Experimental single qubit quantum secret sharing. Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 230505 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  11. Yan F.L., Gao T.: Quantum secret sharing between multiparty and multiparty without entanglement. Phys. Rev. A 72, 012304 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  12. Takesue H., Inoue K.: Quantum secret sharing based on modulated high-dimensional time-bin entanglement. Phys. Rev. A 74, 012315 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Bogdanski J., Rafiei N., Bourennane M.: Experimental quantum secret sharing using telecommunication fiber. Phys. Rev. A 78, 062307 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Yu I.-C., Lin F.-L., Huang C.-Y.: Quantum secret sharing with multilevel mutually (un)biased bases. Phys. Rev. A 78, 012344 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Sun Y., Wen Q.-y., Gao F., Chen X.-b., Zhu F.-c.: Multiparty quantum secret sharing based on Bell measurement. Opt. Commun. 282, 3647–3651 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sarvepalli P.K., Klappenecker A.: Sharing classical secrets with Calderbank-Shor-Steane codes. Phys. Rev. A 80, 022321 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. Sarvepalli P., Raussendorf R.: Matroids and quantum-secret-sharing schemes. Phys. Rev. A 81, 052333 (2010)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  18. Li Q., Chan W.H., Long D.Y.: Semiquantum secret sharing using entangled states. Phys. Rev. A 82, 022303 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  19. He G., Wang Z.D.: Single qubit quantum secret sharing with improved security. Quantum Inf. Comput. 10, 28–40 (2010)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Cleve R., Gottesman D., Lo H.K.: How to share a quantum secret. Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 648 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Bandyopadhyay S.: Teleportation and secret sharing with pure entangled states. Phys. Rev. A 62, 012308 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. Hsu L.Y.: Quantum secret-sharing protocol based on Grovers algorithm. Phys. Rev. A 68, 022306 (2003)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. Lance A.M., Symul T., Bowen W.P., Sanders B.C., Lam P.K.: Tripartite quantum state sharing. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 177903 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  24. Lance A.M., Symul T., Bowen W.P., Sanders B.C., Tyc T., Ralph T.C., Lam P.K.: Continuous- variable quantum-state sharing via quantum disentanglement. Phys. Rev. A 71, 033814 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  25. Zhang Z.J., Li Y., Man Z.X.: Multiparty quantum secret sharing. Phys. Rev. A 71, 044301 (2005)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  ADS  Google Scholar 

  26. Kumar Singh S., Srikanth R.: Generalized quantum secret sharing. Phys. Rev. A 71, 012328 (2005)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  27. Deng F.G., Li X.H., Li C.Y., Zhou P., Zhou H.Y.: Multiparty quantum-state sharing of an arbitrary two-particle state with Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen pairs. Phys. Rev. A 72, 044301 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  28. Hsu L.Y., Li C.M.: Quantum secret sharing using product states. Phys. Rev. A 71, 022321 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Gordon G., Rigolin G.: Generalized quantum-state sharing. Phys. Rev. A 73, 062316 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. Zheng S.B.: Splitting quantum information via W states. Phys. Rev. A 74, 054303 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. Wang Z.Y., Liu Y.M., Zhang Z.J.: Generalized quantum state sharing of arbitrary unknown two-qubit state. Opt. Commun. 276, 322–326 (2007)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  32. Muralidharan S., Panigrahi P.K.: Quantum-information splitting using multipartite cluster states. Phys. Rev. A 78, 062333 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  33. Choudhury S., Muralidharan S., Panigrahi P.K.: Quantum teleportation and state sharing using a genuinely entangled six-qubit state. J. Phys. A: Math. Theor. 42, 115303 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  ADS  Google Scholar 

  34. Bennett C.H., Brassard G., Crápeau C., Jozsa R., Peres A., Wootters W.K.: Teleporting an unknown quantum state via dual classical and Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen channels. Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 1895 (1993)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  ADS  Google Scholar 

  35. Lo H.K.: Classical-communication cost in distributed quantum-information processing: a generalization of quantum-communication complexity. Phys. Rev. A 62, 012313 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  36. Bennett, C.H., Brassard, G.: Quantum cryptography: public key distribution and coin tossing. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Confernece on Computers, Systems, and Signal Processing, pp. 175–179. IEEE, New York (1984)

  37. Deng F.G., Li X.H., Zhou H.Y., Zhang Z.J.: Phys. Rev. A 72, 044302 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  38. Stinespring W.F.: Positive functions on C*-algebras. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 6, 211–216 (1955)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  39. Gao F., Wen Q.Y., Zhu F.C.: Teleportation attack on the QSDC protocol with a random basis and order. Chin. Phys. B 17, 3189 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  40. Calderbank A.R., Shor P.W.: Good quantum error-correcting codes exist. Phys. Rev. A 54, 1098–1105 (1996)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  41. Shor P.W., Preskill J.: Simple proof of security of the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 441–444 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  42. Minář J., de Riedmatten H., Simon C., Zbinden H., Gisin N.: Phase-noise measurements in long-fiber interferometers for quantum-repeater applications. Phys. Rev. A 77, 052325 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  43. Cho S.-B., Noh T.-G.: Stabilization of a long-armed fiber-optic single-photon interferometer. Opt. Express 17, 19027–19032 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ying Sun.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Sun, Y., Gao, F., Yuan, Z. et al. Splitting a quantum secret without the assistance of entanglements. Quantum Inf Process 11, 1741–1750 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-011-0328-9

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-011-0328-9

Keywords

Navigation