Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Trojan horse attack free fault-tolerant quantum key distribution protocols

  • Published:
Quantum Information Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This work proposes two quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols—each of which is robust under one kind of collective noises—collective-dephasing noise and collective-rotation noise. Due to the use of a new coding function which produces error-robust codewords allowing one-time transmission of quanta, the proposed QKD schemes are fault-tolerant and congenitally free from Trojan horse attacks without having to use any extra hardware. Moreover, by adopting two Bell state measurements instead of a 4-GHZ state joint measurement for decoding, the proposed protocols are practical in combating collective noises.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bennett, C.H., Brassard, G.: Quantum cryptography: public key distribution and coin tossing. Presented at the Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Computers Systems and Signal Processing Bangalore, India (1984)

  2. Hwang, T., Lee, K.C.: EPR quantum key distribution protocols with potential 100% qubit efficiency. IET Inf. Secur. 1(1), 43–45 (2007)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Hwang, T., Lee, K.C., Li, C.M.: Provably secure three-party authenticated quantum key distribution protocols. IEEE T Depend. Secur. 4(1), 71–80 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. Hwang, T., Hwang, C.C., Tsai, C.W.: Quantum key distribution protocol using dense coding of three-qubit W state. Eur. Phys. J. D Atomic Mol. Opti. Plasma Phys. 61(3), 785–790 (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Shih, H.C., Lee, K.C., Hwang, T.: New efficient three-party quantum key distribution protocols. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum 15(6), 1602–1606 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Zhang, Z.J., Man, Z.X., Shi, S.H.: An efficient multiparty quantum key distribution scheme. Int. J. Quantum Inf. 3(3), 555–560 (2005)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Deng, F.G., Long, G.L., Wang, Y., Xiao, L.: Increasing the efficiencies of random-choice-based quantum communication protocols with delayed measurement. Chin. Phys. Lett. 21(11), 2097–2100 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  8. Shor, P.W., Preskill, J.: Simple proof of security of the BB84 quantum key distribution protocol. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85(2), 441–444 (2000)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  9. Lo, H.K., Chau, H.F.: Unconditional security of quantum key distribution over arbitrarily long distances. Science 283(5410), 2050–2056 (1999)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  10. Bennett, C.H., Bessette, F., Brassard, G., Salvail, L., Smolin, J.: Experimental quantum cryptography. J. Cryptol. 5(1), 3–28 (1992)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  11. Hughes, R., Luther, G., Morgan, G., Peterson, C., Simmons, C.: Quantum cryptography over underground optical fibers. Presented at the Advances in Cryptology—CRYPTO ’96, 16th Annual International Cryptology Conference Proceedings, Santa Barbara, California, USA (August 18–22, 1996)

  12. Zanardi, P., Rasetti, M.: Noiseless quantum codes. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79(17), 3306 (1997)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  13. Li, X.H., Deng, F.G., Zhou, H.Y.: Efficient quantum key distribution over a collective noise channel. Phys. Rev. A 78(2), 022321 (2008)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  14. Boileau, J.C., Gottesman, D., Laflamme, R., Poulin, D., Spekkens, R.W.: Robust polarization-based quantum key distribution over a collective-noise channel. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(1), 017901 (2004)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  15. Sun, Y., Wen, Q.Y., Gao, F., Zhu, F.C.: Robust variations of the Bennett–Brassard 1984 protocol against collective noise. Phys. Rev. A 80(3), 032321 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  16. Xiu, X.M., Dong, L., Gao, Y.J., Chi, F.: Quantum key distribution protocols with six-photon states against collective noise. Opt. Commun. 282(20), 4171–4174 (2009)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  17. Li, X.H., Zhao, B.K., Sheng, Y.B., Deng, F.G., Zhou, H.Y.: Fault tolerant quantum key distribution based on quantum dense coding with collective noise. Int. J. Quantam Inf. 7(8), 1479–1489 (2009)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  18. Li, C.Y., Li, Y.S.: Fault-tolerate quantum key distribution over a collective-noise channel. Int. J. Quantam Inf. 8(7), 1101–1109 (2010)

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Cabello, A.: Six-qubit permutation-based decoherence-free orthogonal basis. Phys. Rev. A 75(2), 020301 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  Google Scholar 

  20. Zhang, Z.J.: Robust multiparty quantum secret key sharing over two collective-noise channels. Phys. A 361(1), 233–238 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  21. Sun, Y., Wen, Q.Y., Zhu, F.C.: Improving the multiparty quantum secret sharing over two collective-noise channels against insider attack. Opt. Commun. 283(1), 181–183 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  22. Gu, B., Mu, L.L., Ding, L.G., Zhang, C.Y., Li, C.Q.: Fault tolerant three-party quantum secret sharing against collective noise. Opt. Commun. 283(15), 3099–3103 (2010)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  23. Yang, C.-W., Tsai, C.-W., Hwang, T.: Thwarting intercept-and-resend attack on Zhang’s quantum secret sharing using collective rotation noises. Quantum Inf. Process. 11(1), 113–122 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. Yang, C.-W., Tsai, C.-W., Hwang, T.: Fault tolerant two-step quantum secure direct communication protocol against collective noises. Sci. China Phys. 54(3), 496–501 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Yang, C.-W., Hwang, T.: Improved QSDC protocol over a collective-dephasing noise channel. Int. J. Throe. Phys. 51(12), 3941–3950 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. Yang, C.-W., Hwang, T.: Quantum dialogue protocols immune to collective noise. Quantum Inf. Process. (2012). doi:10.1007/s11128-012-0514-4

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  27. Cai, Q.Y.: Eavesdropping on the two-way quantum communication protocols with invisible photons. Phys. Lett. A 351(1–2), 23–25 (2006)

    Article  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  28. Deng, F.G., Li, X.H., Zhou, H.Y., Zhang, Z.J.: Improving the security of multiparty quantum secret sharing against Trojan horse attack. Phys. Rev. A 72(4), 044302 (2005)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  29. Deng, F.G., Li, X.H., Zhou, H.Y., Zhang, Z.J.: Improving the security of multiparty quantum secret sharing against Trojan horse attack (vol 72, art no 044302, 2005). Phys. Rev. A 73(4), 049901 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  30. Li, X.H., Deng, F.G., Zhou, H.Y.: Improving the security of secure direct communication based on the secret transmitting order of particles. Phys. Rev. A 74(5), 054302 (2006)

    Article  ADS  Google Scholar 

  31. Yang, C.-W., Hwang, T., Luo, Y.-P.: Enhancement on “Quantum Blind Signature Based on Two-State Vector Formalism”. Quantum Inf. Process. 12(1), 109–117 (2013)

    Article  MathSciNet  ADS  MATH  Google Scholar 

  32. Bennett, C.H., Brassard, G., Crepeau, C., Maurer, U.M.: Generalized privacy amplification. IEEE T Inf. Theory 41(6), 1915–1923 (1995)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Bennett, C.H., Brassard, G., Robert, J.M.: Privacy Amplification by Public Discussion. Siam J Comput 17(2), 210–229 (1988)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  34. Hwang, T., Hwang, C.-C., Yang, C.-W., Li, C.-M.: Revisiting Deng et al’.s Multiparty Quantum Secret Sharing Protocol. Int. J. Throe. Phys. 50(9), 2790–2798 (2011).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research is supported by the National Science Council, Taiwan, R.O.C., under the Contract No. NSC 100-2221-E-006-152-MY3.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Rd., Tainan City , 70101, ROC, Taiwan

    Chun-Wei Yang & Tzonelih Hwang

Authors
  1. Chun-Wei Yang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tzonelih Hwang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Tzonelih Hwang.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Yang, CW., Hwang, T. Trojan horse attack free fault-tolerant quantum key distribution protocols. Quantum Inf Process 13, 781–794 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-013-0689-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-013-0689-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation