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Universal quantum gates for path photonic qubit

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Abstract

The codification of qubits in internal degrees of freedom (DoF) of light as polarization, transverse modes, and path has received a lot of attention lately. However, the qubit codified in path DoF often plays a limited role in the circuits. In this work, we present a linear optical circuit to codify qubits in path on different bases. We also present geometrical representations for path DoF as Poincaré-like sphere and the Bloch sphere for path qubit. In addition, we designed linear optical circuits to construct universal quantum gates for photonic propagation path DoF. The well-known analogy between degrees of freedom of a coherent laser beam and quantum systems is explored to experimentally simulate the preparation of the qubits as well as the implementation of the proposed circuit for the quantum gates. The results show a clear agreement with the predictions of quantum theory.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the support of Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Informação Quântica (INCT-IQ), Brazilian Agencies Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Ensino Superior (CAPES), and Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo á Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    R. C. Souza, W. F. Balthazar & J. A. O. Huguenin

  2. Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Gal. Milton Tavares de Souza s/n, Gragoatá, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, 24210-346, Brazil

    R. C. Souza, W. F. Balthazar & J. A. O. Huguenin

  3. Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

    W. F. Balthazar

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  1. R. C. Souza
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Correspondence to J. A. O. Huguenin.

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Souza, R.C., Balthazar, W.F. & Huguenin, J.A.O. Universal quantum gates for path photonic qubit. Quantum Inf Process 21, 68 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-022-03415-x

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