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A novel quantum image watermarking scheme for tamper localization and self-recovery

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Abstract

Image self-recovery watermarking is to embed the main content of an image into the image itself, which provides the image with the ability to recover tampered information. In this paper, image self-recovery watermarking is introduced into quantum watermarking, and a novel tamper localization and self-recovery watermarking scheme for quantum images is proposed. The presented scheme takes \(2\times 2\) sized non-overlapping image block as the basic unit for watermarking generation and embedding, tampering detection, and image recovery. The watermark qubits embedded into the carrier image include authentication qubits for tamper detection and recovery qubits for image recovery. Meanwhile, a two-level tamper detection and localization method is designed, which increases tamper detection accuracy. Based on the result of tamper detection, two separate image recovery models are devised to enhance the quality of recovered images. Dedicated quantum circuits for implementing the proposed quantum watermarking algorithm are given in this paper. The experimental results indicate that the novel scheme is effective and exhibits good image tamper detection and self-recovery performance against multiple malicious attacks.

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Data availability

The datasets analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This work is supported by MOE (Ministry of Education in China) Project of Humanities and Social Sciences (Project No. 18YJAZH110), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 62171264) and Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundations (No. ZR202102220198), China.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Computer Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong, People’s Republic of China

    Meng-Xi Wang, Hong-Mei Yang, Jeng-Shyang Pan & Tong Wang

  2. College of Mathematics and Systems Science, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong, People’s Republic of China

    Dong-Huan Jiang

  3. College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong, People’s Republic of China

    Bin Yan

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  1. Meng-Xi Wang
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Correspondence to Hong-Mei Yang.

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Wang, MX., Yang, HM., Jiang, DH. et al. A novel quantum image watermarking scheme for tamper localization and self-recovery. Quantum Inf Process 21, 277 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11128-022-03619-1

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