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On the performance of maximum ratio combining in cooperative cognitive networks with proactive relay selection under channel information errors

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Abstract

This paper proposes an exact and limit analysis framework for numerically assessing the outage performance of the maximum ratio combining in cooperative cognitive networks with proactive relay selection under channel information error on all channels simultaneously, maximum transmit power constraint, interference power constraint, and independent and non-identical fading channels. The proposed framework can be used for corresponding analysis in dual-hop cognitive networks with proactive relay selection to study how much performance gain can be achieved from utilizing the direct channel between the source and the destination in relaying communications. Various results demonstrate considerable system performance degradation and error floor phenomenon due to channel information error. However, performance degradation and error floor degree can be drastically mitigated by increasing the number of relays. Moreover, the direct channel significantly contributes to performance improvement at virtually no cost of system resources such as power and bandwidth.

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Notes

  1. Recall that the influence of CIE on cognitive radio networks was investigated in different aspects; for instances, direct transmission (i.e., no relay) [4], dual-hop relaying with relay selection (e.g., [5]), the amplify-and-forward relay selection (e.g., [6]), relay non-selection (e.g., [7]). Furthermore, some relay selection standards (e.g., proactive relay selection in [8]; reactive relay selection in [9]; N th best-relay selection in [10]; maximum secrecy capacity based relay selection in [11]; the relay selection with the compromise between the gain for unlicensed users and the loss for licensed users in [12]; partial relay selection in [13]) in cognitive radio networks are proposed without investigating the influence of CIE. This paper concentrates on proactive relay selection in decode-and-forward cooperative cognitive networks with CIE on all channels concurrently. Therefore, the literature related to the above-mentioned aspects is not really relevant to this paper and hence, should not be further surveyed in details.

  2. The assumption of frequency-flat fading is common in open literature (e.g., [4–6, 8–17, 19–21]). The extension to frequency-selective fading is not trivial and outside the scope of this paper.

  3. This means that \(\lambda _{tr}\)’s are partitioned into groups of identical value; for example, \(\lambda _{sr}\)’s, \(\lambda _{rd}\)’s, \(\lambda _{rp}\)’s with \(r\in \{1,\ldots ,K\}\) are assumed to be identical (e.g. [5, 14–16, 19–21]).

  4. This means that \(\lambda _{tr}\)’s, \(\forall \{t,r\}\), are equal (e.g. [10]).

  5. \(\mathcal {K}[j]\) denotes the j th element of the set \(\mathcal {K}\).

  6. \(\left\{ {x,y,\ldots } \right\} \mathop \rightarrow \limits ^{{{\mathcal {P}}},{\mathcal {Q}} \rightarrow \infty } \left\{ {X,Y,\ldots } \right\} \) is the short-hand representation which denotes \(x\mathop \rightarrow \limits ^{{{\mathcal {P}}},{\mathcal {Q}} \rightarrow \infty } X,y\mathop \rightarrow \limits ^{{{\mathcal {P}}},{\mathcal {Q}} \rightarrow \infty } Y,\ldots \).

  7. As discussed in Sect. 3.2, PCI makes zero outage probability in the high SNR regime and thus, no performance limit for this case is shown in Fig. 2.

  8. It is also noted that [21] proposed an outage analysis framework for dual-hop cognitive networks with proactive relay selection in the case of PCI. However, [21] assumed the statistical independence of terms in \(\Upsilon \). More specifically, [21] assumed that \(\min (\gamma _{sk},\gamma _{kd})\) is uncorrelated with \(\min (\gamma _{si},\gamma _{id})\), \(\forall (k,i)\). This assumption does not hold because both contain a common term \(x = {\left| {{{\hat{h}}_{sp}}} \right| ^2}\).

  9. Adding more results of other combining techniques makes figures messy and unreadable.

  10. Other figures are crowded with performance curves and hence, only Fig. 2 illustrates the performance of the SC for readability and illustration.

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Acknowledgments

This research is funded by Vietnam National Foundation for Science and Technology Development (NAFOSTED) under Grant No. 102.04-2014.42

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  1. Telecommunications Engineering Department, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology, 268 Ly Thuong Kiet Str., District 10, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

    Khuong Ho-Van

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Ho-Van, K. On the performance of maximum ratio combining in cooperative cognitive networks with proactive relay selection under channel information errors. Telecommun Syst 65, 365–376 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-016-0238-3

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