Abstract
We present enforceable component-based realtime contracts, the first extension of component-based software engineering technology that comprehensively supports adaptive realtime systems from specification all the way to the running system.
To provide this support, we have extended component-based interface definition languages (IDLs) and component representations in repositories to express realtime requirements for components. The final software, which is assembled from the components, is then executed on a realtime operating system (RTOS) with the help of a component runtime system. RTOS resource managers and the IDL-extensions are based on the same mathematical foundation. Thus, the component runtime system can use information expressed in a component-oriented manner in the extended IDL to derive parameters for the task-based admission and scheduling in the RTOS. Once basic realtime properties can thus be guaranteed, runtime support can be extended to more elaborate schemes that also support adaptive applications (container-managed quality assurance).
We claim that this study convincingly demonstrates how component-based software engineering can be extended to build systems with non-functional requirements.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aagedal, J (2001) Quality of service support in development of distributed systems. Ph.D. diss., University of Oslo
Aigner R, Pohl C, Pohlack M, Zschaler S (2004) Tailor-made containers: Modeling non-functional middleware Service. Workshop on models for non-functional aspects of component-based software (NFC’04), colocated with UML 2004. Lissabon, Portugal
Aigner R, Pohlack M, Röttger S, Zschaler S (2003) Towards pervasive treatment of non-functional properties at design and run-time. In: Proc intl conf on software & systems engineering and their applications (ICSSEA’03), Paris, France
Cheesman J, Daniels J (2001) UML components: a simple process for specifying component-based software. Addison Wesley Longman, Inc
Chung, J-Y, Liu JWS, Lin K-J (1990) Scheduling periodic jobs that allow imprecise results. IEEE Trans on Comput 39(9)
DeMichiel LG (2003) Enterprise JavaBeans specification version 2.1 Final Release. Sun Microsystems
Feske N, Härtig H (2004) Demonstration of DOpE—A window Server for Real-Time and Embedded Systems. In: 24th IEEE real-time systems symposium (RTSS) Cancun, Mexico, pp 74–77
Fleury M, Reverbel F (2003) The JBoss extensible server. In: Endler M, Schmidt D (eds) Intl Middleware Conf vol 2672 of Lecture Notes in computer science. ACM / IFIP / USENIX, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, Springer
Göbel, S (2004) Encapsulation of structural adaptation by composite components. ACM workshop on self-managing systems (WOSS’04). Newport Beach, CA, USA
Göbel S, Pohl C, Aigner R, Pohlack M, Röttger S, Zschaler S (2004) The COMQUAD component container architecture. In: 4th IEEE/IFIP working conf. on software architecture (WICSA-4). Oslo, Norway
Göbel S, Pohl C, Röttger S, Zschaler S (2004) The COMQUAD component model—enabling dynamic selection of implementations by weaving non-functional aspects. In: Murphy G, Lieberherr K (eds) 3rd intl conf on aspect-oriented software development (AOSD’04). ACM Press, Lancaster, UK, pp 74–82
Gokhale A, Schmidt DC, Natarajan B, Wang N (2002) Applying model-integrated computing to component middleware and enterprise applications. Communications of the ACM, vol. 45. Special Issue on Enterprise Components, Service and Business Rules
Hamann C-J, Löser J, Reuther L, Schönberg S, Wolter J, Härtig H (2001) Quality assuring scheduling—Using stochastic behavior to improve resource utilization. In: Proc. 22nd IEEE real-time systems symposium (RTSS-XXII), London, UK
Härtig H, Baumgartl R, Borriss M, Hamann Cl-J, Hohmuth M, Mehnert F, Reuther L, Schönberg S, Wolter J (1998) DROPS: OS support for distributed multimedia applications. In: Proc 8th ACM SIGOPS European workshop: support for composing distributed applications (Sintra, Portugal, Sept. 1998)
Härtig H, Reuther L, Wolter J, Borriss M, Paul T (1999) Cooperating resource managers. In: 5th IEEE real-time technology and applications symposium (RTAS), Vancouver, Canada
International Standardisation Organisation. (1998). Information technology—Quality of service: Framework. ISO/IEC 13236:1998, ITU-T X.641
J Consortium. 2000, September. Real-time core extensions (RTCE). J Consortium. Available at http://www.j-consortium.org/
Kon F, Campbell RH, Ballesteros FJ, Mickunas MD, Nahrstedt K (2000) 2K: A distributed operating system for dynamic heterogeneous environments. In: 9th Intl symposium on high performance distributed computing, IEEE, Pittsburgh, USA
Kon F, Yamane T, Hess CK, Campbell RH, Mickunas MD (2001) Dynamic resource management and automatic configuration of distributed component systems. In: 6th conf on object-oriented technologies and systems (COOTS ’01), USENIX, San Antonio, USA
Liedtke J (1995) On μ-Kernel construction. 15th ACM symposium on operating system principles (SOSP), Copper Mountain Resort, CO, pp 237–250
McIlroy MD (1968) Mass produced software components. In: Proc Nato software eng conf (Garmisch, 1968), pp 138–155
Medvidovic N, Taylor RN (2000) A classification and comparison framework for software architecture description languages. IEEE Trans Soft Engng 26(1):70–93
Meyerhöfer M, Neumann C (2004) TESTEJB—A measurement framework for EJBs. In: Crnkovic I, Stafford JA, Schmidt HW, Wallnau K (eds) In: Proc 7th intl symposium on component-based software engineering (CBSE’04), LNCS no. 3054. Springer, pp 294–301
National Institute of Standards and Technology (1999). Requirements for real-time extensions for the Java platform. National Institute of Standards and Technology. Available at http://www.nist.gov/rt-java/
Object Management Group (2001) CORBA Components. OMG document. ptc/01-11-03
Object Management Group (2002) UML Profile for schedulability, performance, and time specification. OMG document. URL http://www.omg.org/ cgi-bin/doc?ptc/02-03-02
Object Management Group (2003a) Real-time CORBA specification. OMG document. formal/03-11-01
Object Management Group (2003b) UML 2.0 OCL Specification. OMG document. ptc/2003-10-14
Pohlack M, Aigner R, Härtig H (2004) Connecting real-time and non-real-time components. Technical Report TUD-FI04-01, Technische Universität Dresden
Reuther L (2005) Disk storage and file systems with quality-of-service guarantees. Ph.D. diss., TU Dresden, Fakultät Informatik
Reuther L, Pohlack M (2003) Rotational-position-aware real-time disk scheduling using a dynamic active subset (DAS). In: 24th IEEE real-time systems symposium (RTSS), Cancun, Mexico, pp 374–385
Rietzschel C (2003) VERNER—ein video EnkodeR uNd playER für DROPS. Diploma thesis, Technische Universität Dresden. In German
Röttger S, Aigner R (2002) Modeling of non-functional contracts in component-based systems using a layered architecture. Component Based Software Engineering and Modeling Non-functional Aspects (SIVOES-MONA), Workshop at UML 2002
Röttger S, Zschaler S (2003) CQML+: Enhancements to CQML. In: Bruel J-M (ed) Proc 1st intl workshop on quality of service in component-based software engineering, Toulouse, France. Cépadués-Éditions, pp 43–56
Röttger S, Zschaler S (2004) A software development process supporting non-functional properties. In: Proc IASTED intl conf on software engineering (IASTED SE 2004). ACTA Press
Röttger S, Zschaler S (2004) Model-driven development for non-functional properties: refinement through model transformation. Proc UML Conf To appear
RTJ (The Real-Time for Java Expert Group) (2001) The real-time specification for java. v1.0. The Real-Time for Java Expert Group. http://www.rtj.org/
Schmidt DC, Levine DL, Mungee S (1998) The design of the TAO real-time object request broker. Computer Communications 21
Staehli R, Eliassen F (2002) QuA: A QoS-Aware component architecture. Technical Report Simula 2002-12, Simula Research Laboratory
Szyperski C (2002) Component software: beyond object-oriented programming, 2nd Edition. Component Software Series. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company
TimeSys C (2004) TimeSys linux. TimeSys Corp. See http://www.timesys.com/
Wang N, Gill CD, Schmidt DC, Gokhale A, Natarajan B, Rodrigues C, Loyall JP, Schantz RE (2003) Total quality of service provisioning in middleware and applications. Microprocessors and Microsystems 27(2):45–54 Special Issue on Middleware Solutions for QoS-enabled Multimedia Provisioning over the Internet
Zschaler S (2004) Towards a semantic framework for non-functional specifications of component-based systems. In: Proc EUROMICRO conf 2004, track on component-based software engineering, Rennes, France
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Hermann Härtig after having received his PhD from Karlsruhe, moved on to the German National Research Center for Computer Science (GMD) where he lead the BirliX project to build an operating system for systems with high reliability and security requirements. He then became full professor at Technische Universität Dresden where he leads the operating systems group. He has spend extended sabaticals with International Computer Science Institute at Berkeley, intel research labs, MIT, Hebrew University in Jerusalem, UNSW in Sydney, and others.
Steffen Zschaler obtained his Dipl.-Inf. from Technische Universität Dresden, Germany, in 2002. He is one of the co-organisers of the workshop on Models for Non-functional Aspects of Component-Based Software (NfC) at the MoDELS conference. Currently he is working as a research assistant in the Software Technology Group at Technische Universität Dresden. His research focuses on formal models of non-functional properties of component-based software.
Martin Pohlack studied computer science with focus on real-time and operating systems at Technische Universität Dresden. In 2003 he received his Diploma with a thesis on real-time disk scheduling and the IBM award for the best diploma thesis of the year at the Faculty of Computer Science. He later on worked in the ComQuad project on real-time problems and now focuses on runtime monitoring for real-time systems.
Ronald Aigner is a PhD student in the Operating Systems group at Technische Universität Dresden. He has worked on the ComQuad project with focus on communication in real-time systems. Ronald is currently finishing his PhD thesis.
Steffen Göbel is working as researcher and project manager in the “Software Engineering and Architectures” Research Program at SAP Research in Dresden. His research interests include multimodal and device-independent user interfaces, XML technologies, component-based software engineering, modeling (UML, MDA, MOF), and software product line engineering. Prior to joining SAP, Steffen was working as a research assistant at Institute for System Engineering of Technische Universität Dresden, where he also received his diploma degree in Computer Science.
Christoph Pohl received his diploma and doctoral degrees in computer science from Technische Universität Dresden, Germany, in 2000 and 2005, respectively. He has a strong background in middleware, networking, software engineering, and human computer interaction. Christoph joined SAP Research in 2004 as a Senior Researcher. In this position he is leading various European research projects in the context of mobile applications, model-driven development, and software product lines.
Simone Röttger received her Diploma in Softwaretechnology from Technische Universität Dresden, Germany, in 2001. She is working as a research assistant in the Software Technology Group at Technische Universität Dresden. Her research interests include software development for component-based systems and the integration of non-functional properties in software development processes.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Härtig, H., Zschaler, S., Pohlack, M. et al. Enforceable component-based realtime contracts. Real-Time Syst 35, 1–31 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-006-9002-1
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11241-006-9002-1