Abstract
Downlink transmit diversity modes for WCDMA together with a two fixed-beam antenna array system are compared relative to the single antenna sectorized system in a radio network simulator. The transmit diversity methods investigated are: space-time transmit diversity and closed-loop mode I transmit diversity. Frequency selective (COST 259) and flat fading channels are considered and their impact to speech-only and data-only services is evaluated. A third service, which highlights the system performance of the various advanced antennas, is also investigated.
The results in this investigation point out that the diversity gain in flat fading channels is substantial. In frequency-selective fading, the benefits of fixed beam systems is encouraging, whereas transmit diversity methods (especially Space-Time Transmit Diversity) is unsatisfactory.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R.T. Derryberry, S. Gray, D. Ionescu, G. Mandyam and B. Raghothaman, “Transmit Diversity in 3G CDMA Systems”, IEEE Communications Magazine, pp. 68–75, 2002.
A. Hottinen, O. Tirkkonen and R. Wichman (eds.), Multi-Antenna Transceiver Techniques for 3G and Beyond, Wiley, NY, 2003.
3GPP, “Physical Layer Proceduresw (FDD)”, Technical Report TS-25.214-v3.10.0, pp. 33–42, 2002.
S. Anderson, B. Hagerman, H. Dam, U. Forssen, J. Karlsson, F. Kronestedt, S. Mazur and K. Molnar, “Adaptive antennas for GSM and TDMA Systems”, IEEE Personal Communications, Vol. 6(3), 74–86, 1999.
S. Parkvall, M. Karlsson, M. Samuelsson, L. Hedlund and B. Goransson, “Transmit Diversity in WCDMA: Link and System Level Results”, in Proceedings IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Spring, Vol. 2. Tokyo, Japan, pp. 864–868, 2000.
W. Hai and N. Wiberg, “Analysis of a CDMA Downlink in Multi-path Fading Channels”, in IEEE Wireless Communications and Networking Conference, Vol. 2. Orlando, FL, USA, pp. 517–521, 2002.
A. Logothetis and A. Osseiran, “SINR Estimation and Orthogonality Factor Calculation of DS-CDMA Signals in MIMO Channels Employing Linear Transceiver Filters”, Submitted to Wiley, Special Issue on MIMO, 2004.
S.M. Alamouti, “A Simple Transmit Diversity Technique for Wireless Communication”, IEEE Journal Selective Communication, Vol. 16, pp. 1451–1458, 1998.
A. Osseiran, M. Ericson, J. Barta, B. Göransson and B. Hagerman, “Downlink Capacity Comparison between Different Smart Antenna Concepts in a Mixed Service WCDMA System”, in Proceedings IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Fall, Vol. 3. Atlantic City, USA, pp. 1528–1532, 2001.
J. Butler and R. Lowe, “Beamforming Matrix Simplifies Design of Electronically Scanned Antennas”, Electronics Design Vol. 9(7), pp. 170–173, 1961.
B.D.V. Veen and K.M. Buckley, “Beamforming: A Versatile Approach to Spatial Filtering”, IEEE ASSP Magazine pp. 4–24, 1988.
L. Hedlund, “Transmit Diversity in Wideband CDMA”, Master’s thesis, Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden, 1999.
J. Litva and T. Lo, “Digital Beamforming for Wireless Communication”, MA, USA, Artech house, 1996.
A. Vidacs, J. Barta, Z. Kenesi and T. Eltet, “Measurement-Based WWW User Traffic Model for Radio Access Networks”, in Mobile Multimedia Communications Workshop. Tokyo, Japan, 2000.
L. Correia (ed.), Wireless Flexible Personalized Communications–-COST 259 Final Report, Wiley, NY, 2001.
H. Holma and A. Toskala (eds.), “WCDMA for UMTS- Radio Access for Third Generation Mobile Communications”, Wiley, NY, 2000.
L.T. Berger, L. Schumacher, J. Ramiro-Moreno, P. Ameigeiras, T.E. Kolding and P.E. Mogensen, “Interaction of Transmit Diversity and Proportional Fair Scheduling”, in: Proceedings IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Spring, Vol. 4. Jeju, South Korea, pp. 2423–2427, 2003.
J.R. Moreno, “System Level Performance Analysis of Advanced Antenna Concepts in WCDMA”, Ph.D. Thesis, Aalborg University, Denmark, 2003.
G. Bauch and J. Hagenauer, “Smart Versus Dumb Antennas–Capacities and FEC Performance”, IEEE Communications Letters, Vol. 6, pp. 55–57, 2002.
J. Fonollosa, R. Gaspa, X. Mestre, A. Pages, J. Heikkila M. Kermoal, L. Schumacher, A. Pollard, and J. Ylitalo, “The IST METRA Project”. IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 40, pp. 78–86, 2002.
Y. Zhou, F. Chin, Y. Liang and C. Ko, “Performance Comparison of Transmit Diversity and Beamforming for the Downlink of DS-CDMA System”, IEEE Transaction Wireless Communications, Vol. 2, pp. 320–334, 2003.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Osseiran, A., Logothetis, A. System Performance of Transmit Diversity Methods and a Two Fixed-Beam System in WCDMA. Wireless Pers Commun 31, 33–50 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-004-1633-8
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-004-1633-8