Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Criterions with LCR and AFD of Dual-Branch SC Diversity over Specified Wireless Radio Fading Channels

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper we proposed the results of average LCR (level crossing rate) and AFD (average fading duration) criterions applied to evaluate the performance of dual-branch SC (selection combining) reception in the specified fading channels characterized as statistical distributions with correlated-Rayleigh and correlated-Rice models. Moreover, in order to unify and clarify the criterions of performance formulas with average LCR and AFD for SC diversity over different kinds of fading models, include such as Rayleigh, Rice, Nakagami-m, and Weibull distributions etc., almost all of the ever researched and published results from discussing about the LCR and AFD of SC diversity are comprehensively collected in this report. On the other hand, for the purpose of comparison, there are a large number of LCR and AFD performance formulas for SC diversity and the generalized fading statistic models are extracted and tabulated together, in which the cases of correlated and independent proprieties between diversity branches are taken into consideration too (some of the formulas are illustrated by the assumption of dual-branch SC diversity).

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Teneda M.A., Takada J., Araki K. (2001). The problem of the fading mobile selection. IEICE Transactions on Communications E84-B(3): 355–358

    Google Scholar 

  2. Proakis J. (2002). Digital communications (3rd ed.). New York, Mcgraw-Hill

    Google Scholar 

  3. Rappaport, T. S. (1996). Wireless communication principles & practice. New Jersey: Prentice Hall PTR Upper Saddle River.

  4. Patzold, M. (2002). Mobile fading channels. John Wiley & Sons, INC.

  5. Simon M.K., Alouini M.-S. (2000). Digital communication over fading channels (1st ed.). New York, John Wiley & Sons INC

    Google Scholar 

  6. Kong, N., Eng, T., & Milstein, L. B. (1995). A selection combining scheme for rake receivers. Fourth IEEE International Conference on Universal Personal Communication Record, 426–430.

  7. Alouini M.-S., Simon M.K. (2002). Dual diversity over correlated log-normal fading channels. IEEE Transactions on Communications 50, 1946–1959

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Win M.Z., Winters J.H. (1999). Analysis of hybrid selection/maximal-ratio combining in Rayleigh fading. IEEE Transactions on Communication COM-47: 1773–1776

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Zhang Q.T., Lu H.G. (2002). A general analytical approach to multi-branch selection combining over various spatially correlated fading channels. IEEE Transactions on Communication 50, 1066–1073

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Adachi F., Feeney M.T., Parsons J.D. (1988). Level crossing rate and average fade duration for time diversity reception in Rayleigh fading conditions. IEEE Proceedings 135(6): 11–17

    Google Scholar 

  11. Dong X., Beaulieu N.C. (2001). Average level crossing rate and average fade duration of selection diversity. IEEE Communications Letters 5, 396–398

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Brennan D.G. (1959). Linear diversity combing techniques. Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineering 47, 1075–1101

    Google Scholar 

  13. Sklar B. (1997). Rayleigh fading channels in mobile digital communication systems. I. characterization. IEEE Communications Magazine 35, 90–100

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Nakagami, M. (1960). The m-distribution-A general formula of intensity distribution of rapid, in Statistical Methods in Radio Wave Propagation (pp. 3–36). Oxford: Pergamon.

  15. Iskander C.D., Mathiopoulos P.T. (2002). Analytical level crossing rate and average fade durations for diversity techniques in Nakagami fading channels. IEEE Transactions on Communication 50(8): 1301–1309

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Patzold M., Laue F. (1999). Level-crossing rate and average duration of fades of deterministic simulation models for rice fading channels. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 48(4): 1121–1129

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Jakes W.C. (1993). Microwave mobile communication. New York, IEEE Press

    Google Scholar 

  18. Chen Y., Tellambura C. (2005). Performance analysis of three-branch selection combining over arbitrarily correlated Rayleigh-fading channels. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 4, 861–865

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Tjhung T.T., Chai C.C. (1999). Fade statistics in Nakagami-lognormal channels. IEEE Transactions on Communication 47(12): 1769–1772

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Yacoub M., Bautista J., de R. Guedes L. (1999). On higher order statistics of the Nakagami-m distribution. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 48, 790–794

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Sagias N.C., Karagiannidis G.K. (2004). Performance of dual selection diversity in correlated weibull fading channels. IEEE Transactions on Communication 52(7): 1062–1067

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Chen, J. I. -Z. (2006). Evaluation for average LCR and AFD of dual MRC and SC diversity over correlated Nakagami-m environments. Journal of Marine Science and Technology (Accepted).

  23. Chen J.I.-Z. (2006). Average LCR and AFD for SC diversity over correlated weibull fading channels. International Journal Wireless Personal Communications 39(2): 151–163

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Pätzold M., Killat U., Laue F. (1998). An extended suzuki model for land mobile satellite channels and its statistical properties. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 47, 617–630

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Chen Y., Tellambura C. (2004). Performance of L-branch diversity combiners in equally correlated rician fading channels. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference 5, 3379–3383

    Google Scholar 

  26. Noneaker, D. L., & Frank, C. (1997). Trellis codes for time-selective rician-fading channels. Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium, Information Theory (235 pp).

  27. Jakes, W. C. Jr. (Ed.) (1974). Multipath interference in microwave mobile communications (pp. 17–78). New York: Wiley and Sons.

  28. Ko Y.K., Alouini M.-S., Simon M.K. (2000). Average SNR of dual selection combining over correlated nakagami-m fading channels. IEEE Communications Letters 4, 12–14

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Yang L., Alouini M.S. (2003). An exact analysis of the impact of fading correlation on the level crossing rate and average outage duration of selection combining. IEEE Transactions on Communication 51(12): 1997–2000

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Fang L., Bi G., Kot A.C. (1999). Performance of antenna diversity reception with correlated Rayleigh fading signals. IEEE International Conference on Communications 3, 1593–1597

    Google Scholar 

  31. Lo C.M., Lam W.H. (2001). Average SER for M-ary modulation systems with space diversity over independent and correlated Nakagami-m fading. IEE Proceedings on Communications 148, 377–384

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Yacoub M.D., da Silva C.R.C.M., Vargas Bautista J.E. (2001). Second-order statistics for diversity-combining techniques in Nakagami-m fading channels. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 50, 1464–1470

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Chen Y., Tellambura C. (2004). Distribution functions of selection combiner output in equally correlated Rayleigh, Rician, and Nakagami-m fading channels. IEEE Transactions on Communications 53, 1948–1956

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Weibull W. (1951). A statistical distribution function of wide applicability. Journal of Applied Mechanics 18(27): 293–297

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  35. Alouini, M.-S., & Simon, M. K. (2001). Performance of generalized selection combining over weibull fading channels. In Proceedings of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conf., Rhodes, Greece, pp. 1735–1739, 2001.

  36. Sagias N.C., Mathiopoulos P.T., Tombras G.S. (2003). Selection diversity receivers in weibull fading: Outage probability and average signal-to-noise ratio. Electronic Letters 39(25): 1859–1860

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Dietze K., Dietrich C.B., Stutzman W.L. (2002). Analysis of two-branch maximal and selection diversity system with unequal SNR and correlated inputs for a Rayleigh fading channel. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication 1, 274–281

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Kotz S., Balakrishnan N., Johnson N.L. (2000). Continuous multivariate distributions, 1, model and applications. New York, Wiley

    Google Scholar 

  39. Sagias N.C., Zogas D.A., Karagiannidis G.K. (2005). Selection diversity receivers over nonidentical weibull fading channels. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 54, 2146–2151

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Adachi, F., Feeney, M. T., & Parsons, J. D. (1988). Effects of correlated fading on level crossing rates and average fade durations with predetection diversity reception. Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, pt. F, 135, 11–17.

  41. Rice S.O. (1948). Statistical properties of a sine wave plus noise. Bell System Technical Journal 27, 109–157

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  42. Stuber G.L. (1996). Principles of mobile communication. Boston, Kluwer

    Google Scholar 

  43. Simon M.K., Alouini M.-S. (1999). A unified performance analysis of digital communications with dual selective combining diversity over correlated Rayleigh and Nakagami-m fading channels. IEEE Transactions on Communications 47, 33–43

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Communication Engineering, Da-Yeh University, 112 Shan-Jeau, Rd. Da-Tsuen, Chang-Hua, 51505, Taiwan, ROC

    Joy Iong-Zong Chen & Chin-Chung Yu

Authors
  1. Joy Iong-Zong Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Chin-Chung Yu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Joy Iong-Zong Chen.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Chen, J.IZ., Yu, CC. The Criterions with LCR and AFD of Dual-Branch SC Diversity over Specified Wireless Radio Fading Channels. Wireless Pers Commun 46, 173–197 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-007-9416-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-007-9416-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation