Abstract
Clipping is a simple scheme to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Further, it can be extended to space-time block coding (STBC) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) OFDM systems for the PAPR reduction. In the conventional clipping schemes for STBC MIMO-OFDM systems, the input symbols are first encoded and then clipped. In this paper, a new scheme is proposed, where the clipping operation is performed before space-time block coding. We theoretically prove that the proposed scheme has better bit-error rate (BER) performance while maintaining the same PAPR reduction as the conventional schemes. Additionally, we derive the symbol-error rate (SER) and BER expressions for the new scheme over multipath fading channels. The simulation results show a good match with our analysis.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Wu Y., Zou W. Y. (1995) Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing: A multi-carrier modulation scheme. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 41(3): 392–399
Wang C., Ku S., Yang C. (2010) A low-complexity PAPR estimation scheme for OFDM signals and its application to SLM-based PAPR redution. IEEE Journal of Seclected Topics in Signal Processing 4(3): 637–645
Zhu X., Jiang T., Zhu G. (2008) Novel schemes based on greedy algorithm for PAPR reduction in OFDM systems. IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 54(3): 1048–1052
Chen J. (2010) Application of quantum-inspired evolutionary Algorithm to Reduce PAPR of an OFDM signal using partial transmit sequences technique. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 56(1): 110–113
Li X., Cimini L. J. Jr. (1998) Effect of clipping and filtering on the performance of OFDM. IEEE Communication Letters 2(5): 131–133
Ju S. M., Leung S. H. (2003) Clipping on COFDM with phase on demand. IEEE Communication Letters 7(2): 49–51
Zhu X., Zhu G., Jiang T. (2009) Reducing the peak-to-average power ratio using unitary matrix transformation. IET Communications 3(2): 161–171
Hsu C., Chao H. (2007) Peak power reduction scheme base on transform kernel scrambling for OFDM systems. Wireless Personal Communications 43(4): 1499–1509
Krongold B. S., Jones D. L. (2003) PAR reduction in OFDM via active constellation extension. IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 49(3): 258–268
Deumal M., Behravan A., Eriksson T., Pijoan J. L. (2008) Evaluation of performance improvement capabilities of PAPR-reducing methods. Wireless Personal Communications 47(1): 137–147
Tan M., Latinovic Z., Bar-Ness Y. (2005) STBC MIMO-OFDM peak-to-average power ratio reduction by cross-antenna rotation and inversion. IEEE Communication Letters 9(7): 592–594
Fischer R. F. H., Hoch M. (2006) Directed selected mapping for peak-to-average power ratio reduction in MIMO OFDM. Electronics Letters 42(22): 1289–1290
Krongold, B. S., Woo, G. R., & Jones, D. L. (2005). Fast active constellation extension for MIMO-OFDM PAR reduction. In 39th asilomar conference on signals, systems and computers (pp. 1476–1479).
Kwon U., Kim D., Kim K., Im G. (2007) Amplitude clipping and iterative reconstruction of STBC/SFBC-OFDM signals. IEEE Signal Processing Letters 14(11): 808–811
Li Z., Xia X. (2008) Single-symbol ML decoding for orthogonal and quasi-orthogonal STBC in clipped MIMO-OFDM systems using a clipping noise model with Gaussian approximation. IEEE Transactions on Communications 56(7): 1127–1136
Alamouti S. M. (1998) A simple transmit diversity technique for wireless communications. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 16(8): 1451–1458
Costa E., Midrio M., Pupolin S. (1999) Impact of amplifier nonlinearities on OFDM transmission system performance. IEEE Transactions on Communications 3(2): 37–39
Ochiai H., Imai H. (2000) Performance of the deliberate clipping with adaptive symbol selection for strictly band-limited OFDM systems. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 18(11): 2270–2277
Simon M. K., Alouini M. S. (1998) A unified approach to the performance analysis of digital communication over generalized fading channels. Proceedings of IEEE 86(9): 1860–1877
Craig, J. W. (1991). A new, simple, and exact result for calculating the probability of error for two-dimensional signal constellations. In IEEE military communications conference (pp. 571–575).
Proakis, J. G. (2001). Digital communications (4th ed.). Englewood Cliffs NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Simon M. K., Divsalar D. (1998) Some new twists to problems involving the Gaussian probability integral. IEEE Transactions on Communications 46(2): 200–210
Zhou S., Giannakis G. B. (2004) Adaptive modulation for multiantenna transmissions with channel mean feedback. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 3(5): 1626–1636