Abstract
This paper studies the bit-error rate (BER) performance of partially coherent equal-gain combining reception of uncoded and low-density parity-check (LDPC)-coded binary and quaternary phase-shift keying signals over generalized α − μ fading channels. For the uncoded signal detection case the obtained numerical and simulation results illustrate the BER performance degradation due to the imperfect reference signal recovery, receiver unbalancing and fading. It is demonstrated that imperfect cophasing causes an irreducible BER performance. Furthermore, we design large girth quasi-cyclic LDPC code with high code rate, suitable for use in communications over generalized fading channels. The proposed LDPC code does not exhibit the error floor phenomena, in the region of interest, even in the presence of imperfect cophasing and receiver unbalances, and outperforms standard convolutional code of lower code rate in the observed impairments. The effects of number of iterations in decoding algorithm and codeword length on BER performance are also investigated.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Simon M. K., Alouini M. S. (2005) Digital communication over fading channels (2nd ed.). Wiley, New York
Beaulieu N. C., Abu-Dayya A. A. (1991) Analysis of equal gain diversity on Nakagami fading channels. IEEE Transactions on Communications 39(2): 225–234
Zogas D. A., Karagiannidis G. K., Kotsopoulos S. A. (2005) Equal gain combining over Nakagami-n (Rice) and Nakagami-q (Hoyt) generalized fading channels. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 4(2): 374–379
Sagias N. C., Karagiannidis G. K., Mathiopoulos P. T., Tsiftsis T. A. (2006) On the performance analysis of equal-gain diversity receivers over generalized Gamma fading channels. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 5(10): 2967–2975
Piboongungon, T., Aalo, V. A., & Iskander, C.-D. (2005). Average error rate of linear diversity reception schemes over generalized Gamma fading channels. Proceedings of the IEEE SoutheastCon, 265–270.
Najib M. A., Prabhu V. K. (2000) Analysis of equal-gain diversity with partially coherent fading signals. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 49(3): 783–791
Sagias N. C., Karagiannidis G. K. (2005) Effects of carrier phase error on EGC receivers in correlated Nakagami-m fading. IEEE Communication Letters 9(7): 580–582
Smadi M. A., Prabhu V. K. (2006) Performance analysis of generalized-faded coherent PSK channels with equal-gain combining and carrier phase error. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 5(3): 509–513
Yacoub M. D. (2002) The α − μ distribution: A general fading distribution. Proceedings of IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications 2: 629–633
Yacoub M. D. (2007) The α − μ distribution: A physical fading model for the Stacy distribution. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 56(1): 27–34
Lindsey W. C., Simon M. K. (1972) Telecommunication systems engineering. Prentice-Hall, New Jersey
Gradsteyn I. S., Ryzhik I. M. (2000) Table of integrals, series, and products (6th ed.). Academic, New York
Fossorier M. P. C. (2004) Quasi-cyclic low-density parity-check codes from circulant permutation matrices. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 50(8): 1788–1793
Djordjevic, I. B., Xu, L., Wang, T., & Cvijetic, M. (2008). Large girth low-density parity-check codes for long-haul high-speed optical communications. In Proceedings of OFC/NFOEC 2008, San Diego, CA, Paper no. JWA53.
Tanner R. (1981) A recursive approach to low complexity codes. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 27(5): 533–547
Xiao-Yu H., Eleftheriou E., Arnold D.-M., Dholakia A. (2001) Efficient implementations of the sum-product algorithm for decoding of LDPC codes. Proceedings of IEEE Globecom 2001 2: 1036–1036E
Marsaglia G., Tsang W. W. (2000) A simple method for generating gamma variables. ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software 26(3): 363–372
Kundu D., Gupta R. D. (2007) A convenient way of generating gamma random variables using generalized exponential distribution. Computational Statistics & Data Analysis 51(6): 2796–2802
Jeruchim M. C., Balaban P., Shanmugan K. S. (2000) Simulation of communication systems–modeling, methodology, and techniques. Kluwer, Netherlands
Press W. H., Teukolsky S. A., Vetterling W. T., Flannery B. P. (2002) Numerical recipes in C (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
A part of this paper was presented at IEEE WCNC 2009.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Djordjevic, G.T., Djordjevic, I.B. & Karagiannidis, G.K. Partially Coherent EGC Reception of Uncoded and LDPC-Coded Signals over Generalized Fading Channels. Wireless Pers Commun 66, 25–39 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-011-0323-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-011-0323-6