Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Minimum Interference Cross-Layer Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), channel contention and packet collision can seriously affect the performance of routing protocols, which will eventually affect the performance of the whole network. Besides, the arbitrary mobility of nodes makes contention and collision ever-changing and more complex. Thus, it is imperative to analyze the problem of contention and collision so as to build appropriate routes in MANETs. In this paper, by respectively predicting the durations of the contention and collision at every hop along the route, a minimum interference cross-layer routing protocol (MI-CLR) is proposed based on Random Waypoint (RWP) model. The new protocol classifies the interference in the network into two types; the first type of interference can only affect channel contention, while the other affects both channel contention and packet collision. Via taking the two types of interference together into account, we propose a new routing metric to build routes which guarantees that the established routes will not break frequently while having the minimum interference. Simulation results show that the MI-CLR protocol can significantly improve the network performance such as the average end-to-end delay, the packet loss ratio, the routing overhead and the throughput.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13
Fig. 14
Fig. 15
Fig. 16
Fig. 17
Fig. 18
Fig. 19

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Royer, E., & Toh, C.-K. (1999). A review of current routing protocols for ad hoc mobile wireless networks. IEEE Personal Communications, 4(3), 46–55.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ghosekar, P., Katkar, G., & Ghorpade, P. (1998). On some challenges and design choices in ad hoc communication. In IEEE military communications conference (pp. 187–192).

  3. May, Z. O., & Mazliza, O. (2012). Analytical studies of interaction between mobility models and single-multi paths routing protocols in mobile ad hoc networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 64(2), 379–402.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Hadi, S., Borhanuddin, M. A., & Sabira, K. (2012). A cross layer metric for discovering reliable routes in mobile ad hoc networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 66(1), 207–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Sungwook, K. (2012). An ant-based multipath routing algorithm for QoS aware mobile ad-hoc networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 66(4), 739–749.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Hieu, C. T., & Hong, C. S. (2011). RAI: A high throughput routing protocol for multi-hop multi-rate ad hoc networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 60(1), 69–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Shakkottai, S., Rappaport, T. S., & Karlsson, P. C. (2003). Cross-layer design for wireless networks. IEEE Communication Magazine, 41(10), 74–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Zhang, X. M., Zou, F. F., Wang, E. B., & Sung, D. K. (2010). Exploring the dynamic nature of mobile nodes for predicting route lifetime in mobile adhoc networks. IEEE Transaction on Vehicular Technology, 59(3), 1567–1572.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Han, Q., Bai, Y., Gong, L., & Wu, W. (2011). Link availability prediction-based reliable routing for mobile adhoc networks. IET Communications, 5(16), 2291–2300.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. Chen, X. Q., Jones, H. M., & Jayalath, D. (2011). Channel-aware routing in MANETs with route handoff. IEEE Transaction on Mobile Computing, 10(1), 108–121.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Li, X.-Y., Wang, Y., Chen, H., Wu, Y., & Qi, Y. (2009). Reliable and energy-efficient routing for static wireless ad hoc networks with unreliable links. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 20(10), 1408–1421.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Lott, C., & Teneketzis, D. (2006). Stochastic routing in ad-hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, 51(1), 52–70.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Bhorkar, A. A., Naghshvar, M., Javidi, T., & Rao, B. D. (2012). Adaptive opportunistic routing for wireless ad hoc networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions On Networking, 20(1), 243–256.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Zhang, X. M., Wang, E. B., Xia, J. J., & Sung, D. K. (2011). An estimated distance-based routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 60(7), 3473–3484.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Kim, B. C., Lee, J. Y., Lee, H. S., & Ma, J. S. (2003). An ad-hoc routing protocol with minimum contention time and load balancing. IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference, 1, 81–85.

    Google Scholar 

  16. Zhang, X. M., Liu, Q., Shi, D., Liu, Y. Z., & Yu, X. (2007). An average link interference-aware routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. In Third international conference on IEEE wireless and mobile communications.

  17. IEEE Standard for Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) specifications. (1999). IEEE 802.11b.

  18. Perkins, C., Royer, E., & Das, S. R. (2003). Ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing. IETF Internet Draft, MANET working group. http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3561.txt.

  19. Bettstetter, C. (2011). Mobility modeling in wireless networks: Categorization, smooth movement, and border effects. ACM Mobile Computing and Communications Review, 5(3), 55–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. The Network Simulator -ns-2. http://www.isi.edu/nsnam/ns,2008.

  21. Camp, T., Boleng, J., & Davies, V. (2002). A survey of mobility models for ad hoc network research. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing (WCMC): Special issue on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking - Research, Trends and Applications, 2(5), 83–502.

    Google Scholar 

  22. Bettstetter, C., Hartenstein, H., & Perez-Costa, X. (2004). Stochastic properties of random waypoint mobility model. ACM/Kluwer Wireless Networks, 10(5), 555–567.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Sarkar, T. K., Ji, Z., Kim, K., Medouri, A., & Salazar-Palma, M. (2003). A survey of various propagation models for mobile communication. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 45(3), 51–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Jiangsu Key Lab of Wireless Communications, Key Lab on Wideband Wireless Communications and Sensor Network Technology of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China

    Chao Gu & Qi Zhu

  2. Department of Telecommunication and Information Engineering, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210003, Jiangsu, China

    Chao Gu & Qi Zhu

Authors
  1. Chao Gu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Qi Zhu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chao Gu.

Additional information

This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (61171094, 61001078), National Science and Technology Key Project (2011ZX03001-006-02, 2011ZX03005-004-03)) and Key Project of Jiangsu Provincial Natural Science Foundation (BK2011027).

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Gu, C., Zhu, Q. A Minimum Interference Cross-Layer Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. Wireless Pers Commun 72, 2741–2760 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-013-1178-9

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-013-1178-9

Keywords

Search

Navigation