Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Firefly Algorithm for Joint Estimation of Frequency Offsets and Channel in OFDMA Uplink

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper addresses the problem of joint maximum-likelihood estimation of carrier frequency offsets, and channel responses in an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) uplink, which is a computationally-intensive, multiparameter, multidimensional problem. We propose to apply a recently-developed meta-heuristic algorithm called the firefly algorithm (FA) for the estimation of required parameters. We also introduce a new initialization procedure for the FA algorithm based on the separability of cost functions, which drastically reduces its computational complexity. A separate pilot OFDMA symbol is transmitted prior to the data symbols to estimate the parameters. The proposed technique is shown to achieve excellent performance at reduced computational complexity, especially at low signal-to-noise ratio. Also, it can be applied to OFDMA systems with any type of carrier assignment schemes. The significant features of the proposed estimation method are substantiated through extensive computer simulation studies and are compared with an important classical estimation technique available for the problem, to highlight its superiority.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Jamalipour, A., Wada, T., & Yamazato, T. (2005). A tutorial on multiple access technologies for beyond 3G mobile networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 43(2), 110–117.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. IEEE LAN/MAN Standards Committee: (2004). IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area networks, part 16: Air interface for fixed broadband wireless access systems. http://voiplab.niu.edu.tw/IEEE/802.16/802.16-2004.

  3. Bolton, W., Xiao, Y., & Guizani, M. (2007). IEEE 802.20: Mobile broadband wireless access. IEEE Wireless Communications, 14(2), 84–95.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Cordeiro, C., Challapali, K., & Birru, D. (2006). IEEE 802.22: An introduction to the first wireless standard based on cognitive radios. Journal of Communications, 1(1), 38–47.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Lam, W. (2012). Smartphones and 4G LTE to fuel wireless communications growth in 2012 and the future. http://www.isuppli.com/Mobile-and-Wireless-Communications/MarketWatch/Pages/Smartphones-and-4G-LTE-to-Fuel-Wireless-Communications-Growth-in-2012-and-the-Future.aspx.

  6. Dahlman, E., Parkvall, S., & Sköld, J. (2011). 4G-LTE/LTE-advanced for mobile broadband. New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Yin, H., & Alamouti, S. (2006). OFDMA: A broadband wireless access technology. IEEE Sarnoff Symposium.

  8. Hwang, T., Yang, C., Wu, G., Li, S., & Li, G. Y. (2009). OFDM and its wireless applications: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 58(4), 1673–1694.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Morelli, M., Kuo, C.-C. J., & Pun, M. O. (2007). Synchronization techniques for orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA): A tutorial review. Proceedings of the IEEE, 95(7), 427–1394.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Heiskala, J., & Terry, J. (2001). OFDM wireless LANs: A theoretical and practical guide, (2nd ed.). Sams Publishing.

  11. Fessler, J. A., & Hero, A. O. (1994). Space-alternating generalized expectation maximization algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 42(10), 2664–2677.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Pun, M. O., Morelli, M., & Kuo, C.-C. J. (2006). Maximum-likelihood synchronization and channel estimation for OFDMA uplink transmissions. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 54(4), 726–736.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Pun, M. O., Morelli, M., & Kuo, C.-C. J. (2007). Iterative detection and frequency synchronization for OFDMA uplink transmissions. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication, 6(2), 629–639.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Nguyen, H., de Carvalho, Elisabeth, & Prasad, R. (2010). Joint estimation of the timing and frequency offset for uplink OFDMA. Wireless Personal Communications Springer, 52, 119–131.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Thafasal Ijyas, V. P. & Sameer, S. M. (2011). A joint ML estimation technique for timing, CFO and channel for OFDMA uplink transmissions. In Proceedings of the seventeenth national conference on communications (NCC 2011).

  16. Chen, J., Wu, Y. C., Chan, S. C., & Ng, T. S. (2008). Joint maximum-likelihood CFO and channel estimation for OFDMA uplink using importance sampling. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 57(6), 3462–3470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Häring, L., Bieder, S., Czylwik, A., & Kaiser, T. (2010). Estimation algorithms of multiple channels and carrier frequency offsets in application to multiuser OFDM systems. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication, 9(3), 865–870.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Morelli, M., & Moretti, M. (2010). Fine carrier and sampling frequency synchronization in OFDM systems. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication, 9(4), 1514–1524.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Junqi, G., Yong, S., Shubo, R., & Haige, X. (2010). Joint estimation of synchronization parameters and channels for generalized-OFDMA uplink. Chinese Journal of Electronics, 19(4), 737–742

  20. Du, R., & Wang, J. (2012). Novel blind CFO estimator for uplink interleaved OFDMA systems. International Journal of Digital Content Technology and its Applications (JDCTA), 6(3), 158–166.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Poveda, H., Ferré, G., & Grivel, E. (2013). A non-pilot aided iterative carrier frequency offset estimator using optimal filtering for an interleaved OFDMA uplink system. Wireless Personal Communications, Springer, 68, 747–767.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Al-kamali, F. S., Dessouky, M. I., Sallam, B. M., Shawki, F., & Abd El-Samie, F. E. (2011). Uplink single-carrier frequency division multiple access system with joint equalisation and carrier frequency offsets compensation. IET Communications, 5(4), 425–433.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Yang, X. S. (2008). Nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithms. Luniver Press.

  24. Yang, X. S. (2009). Firefly algorithms for multimodal optimisation. In Stochastic algorithms: Foundations and applications, SAGA 2009. Lecture notes in computer sciences, vol. 5792, 169–178.

  25. Zeng, X. N., & Ghrayeb, A. (2009). Joint CFO and channel estimation for OFDMA uplink: An application of the variable projection method. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 8(5), 2306–2311.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Golub, G., & Pereyra, V. (2002). Separable nonlinear least squares: The variable projection method and its applications in inverse problems. Inverse Problems, 19, R1–R26.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, National Institute of Technology Calicut, Calicut, Kerala, India

    V. P. Thafasal Ijyas & S. M. Sameer

Authors
  1. V. P. Thafasal Ijyas
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. S. M. Sameer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to V. P. Thafasal Ijyas.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Thafasal Ijyas, V.P., Sameer, S.M. Firefly Algorithm for Joint Estimation of Frequency Offsets and Channel in OFDMA Uplink. Wireless Pers Commun 79, 565–580 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-014-1873-1

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-014-1873-1

Keywords

Search

Navigation