Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Load Balancing Technique for Congestion Control Multipath Routing Protocol in MANETs

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that can communicate without a central controller or fixed infrastructure. Due to node mobility, designing a routing protocol to provide an efficient and suitable method to route the data with less energy consumption, packet drop and to prolong the network lifetime has become a challenging issue in MANETs. In MANETs, reducing energy consumption and packet loss involves congestion control and load balancing techniques. Thus, this paper introduces an efficient routing technique called the multipath load balancing technique for congestion control (MLBCC) in MANETs to efficiently balance the load among multiple paths by reducing the congestion. MLBCC introduces a congestion control mechanism and a load balancing mechanism during the data transmission process. The congestion control mechanism detects the congestion by using an arrival rate and an outgoing rate at a particular time interval T. The load balancing mechanism selects a gateway node by using the link cost and the path cost to efficiently distribute the load by selecting the most desirable paths. For an efficient flow of distribution, a node availability degree standard deviation parameter is introduced. Simulation results of MLBCC show the performance improvements in terms of the control overhead, packet delivery ratio, average delay and packet drop ratio in comparison with Fibonacci sequence multipath load balancing, stable backbone-based multipath routing protocol and ad hoc on demand multipath distance vector routing. In addition, the results show that MLBCC efficiently balances the load of the nodes in the network.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11
Fig. 12
Fig. 13

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Murthy, C. S. R., & Manoj, B. S. Chapter—3 ad hoc wireless networks. In Ad hoc wireless networks: Architectures and protocols (pp. 213–245).

  2. http://www.ietf.org/html.chapters/manet-chapter.html.

  3. Boukerche, A., Turgut, B., Aydin, N., Ahmad, Z., et al. (2011). Routing protocols in ad hoc networks: A survey. Computer Networks, 55, 3031–3080.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Johnson, P. (1999). Routing protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks—A comparative performance analysis. In Proceedings of ACM/IEEE international conference on mobile computing and networking (MobiCom99) (pp. 195–206).

  5. Tarique, M., Tape, E. K., Adibi, S., & Erfani, S. (2009). Survey of multipath routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks. Journal of Networks and Computer Applications, 32(6), 1125–1143.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Toh, C. K., Le, A. N., & Cho, Y. Z. (2009). Load balanced routing protocols for ad hoc wireless mobile networks. IEEE Communication Magazine, 47(8), 78–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Prabhavat, S. N., Hiroki, A. N., & Kato, N. (2012). On load distribution over multipath networks. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 14(3), 662–680.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Tran, A. D., & raghavendra, H. (2006). Congestion adaptive routing in mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 17(11), 1294–1304.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Marnia, M. K., & Das, S. R. (2001). On demand multipath distance vector routing in ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the ninth international conference on network protocols (pp. 14–23).

  10. Tashtoush, Y., Darwish, O., & Hayajneh, M. (2014). Fibonacci sequence based multipath load balancing approach for mobile adhoc networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 16, 237–246.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Hassanein, H., & Zhou, A. (2003). Load-aware destination-controlled routing for MANETs. Computer Communication, 26(14), 1551–1559.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Hassanein, H., & Zhou, A. (2001). Routing with load balancing in wireless ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of 4th ACM MSWim01 (pp. 89–96).

  13. Saigal, V., Nayak, K. A., Pradhan, K., & Mall, R. (2004). Load balanced routing in mobile ad hoc networks. Computer Communications, 27(3), 295–305.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Raghavendra, H., & Tran, D. A. (2003). Congestion adaptive routing in ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the ACM international conference on mobile computing and networking (MOBICOM), (pp. 1–5).

  15. Tran, D. A., & Raghavendra, H. (2004). Routing with congestion awareness and adaptively in mobile ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of IEEE wireless communications and networking (pp. 1988–1994).

  16. Kim, J. Y., Tomar, G. S., Shrivastava, L., Bhadauria, S. S., & Lee, W. H. (2014). Load balanced congestion adaptive routing for mobile ad hoc networks. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 10(7), 1–10.

  17. Tomar, G. S., Shrivastava, L., & Bhaduria, S. S. (2014). Load balanced congestion adaptive routing for randomly distributed mobile ad hoc networks. Wireless Personal Communication, 77(4), 2723–2783.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Kumaran, T. S., & Sankaranarayanan, V. (2011). Early congestion detection and adaptive routing in MANET. Egyptian Informatics Journal, 12(3), 165–175.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Gao, J., & Zhang, Li. (2006). Load-balanced short-path routing in wireless networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 17(4), 377–388.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Chakrabhati, G., & Kulkarni, S. (2006). Load balancing and resource reservation in mobile ad hoc networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 4(2), 186–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Al Amin, M. T., Barya, S., Vhaduri, S., & Rahaman, A. (2009). Load aware broadcast in mobile ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of IEEE international conference on communication (ICC), (pp. 14–18).

  22. Ivascu, I. G., Pierre, S., & Quintero, A. (2009). QoS routing with traffic distribution in mobile ad hoc networks. Computer Communications, 32(2), 305–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Perkins, C. E, & Royer, E. M. (1999). Ad hoc on-demand distance vector routing. In Proceedings of second IEEE workshop on mobile computing systems and applications (pp. 90–100).

  24. Souihil, O., Frikha, M., & Hamoud, M. B. (2009). Load-balancing in MANET shortest-path routing protocols. Ad Hoc Networks, 7, 431–442.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Prabhavat, S., Nishiyama, H., Ansari, N., & Kato, N. (2011). Effective delay-controlled load distribution over multipath networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 22(10), 1730–1741.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Khamayesh, Y., Ghadeer, O., & Yassin, B. M. (2011). Mobility and load aware routing protocol for ad hoc networks. Journal of King Saud University-Computer and Information Sciences, 23(2), 105–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Ali, M. S., Ashahrabi, B. G., & Vallavaraj, A. (2012). Congestion adaptive multipath routing for load balancing in mobile ad hoc networks. In Proceeding of IEEE international conference on innovations in information technology (IIT), (pp. 305–309).

  28. Tashoush, M. Y., & Darwish, O. A. (2012). A novel multipath load balancing approach using Fibonacci series for mobile ad hoc networks. International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, 4(2), 220–225.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Bora, K., & Wendi, H. (2015). Cooperative load balancing and dynamic channel allocation for cluster based mobile ad hoc networks. IEEE Transcations on Mobile Computing, 14(5), 951–963.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Mallapur, V. S., & Patil, R. S. (2014). Route stability based on demand multipath routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of IEEE third international conference on communication and signal processing (pp. 1288–1292).

  31. Wu, W., Zhang, Z., Sha, X., & He, C. (2009). Auto rate MAC protocol based on congestion detection for wireless ad hoc networks. Information Technology Journal, 8(8), 1205–1212.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Kim, S. (2010). Cooperative game theoretic online routing scheme for wireless network management. IET Communications, 4(17), 2072–2083.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  33. Li, X., & Li, Z. (2009). LBAMR: A load balancing and asymmetrical multi-path routing in wireless communications. In Proceedingds of 5th international conference on networking and mobile computing, (pp. 1–4).

  34. Network Simulator http://www.isi.edu.nsnam/ns (2013).

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Godutai Engineering College for Women, Gulbarga, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India

    Sujata V. Mallapur

  2. Poojya Doddappa Appa College of Engineering, Gulbarga, Visvesvaraya Technological University, Belagavi, Karnataka, India

    Siddarama R. Patil & Jayashree V. Agarkhed

Authors
  1. Sujata V. Mallapur
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Siddarama R. Patil
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jayashree V. Agarkhed
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sujata V. Mallapur.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Mallapur, S.V., Patil, S.R. & Agarkhed, J.V. Load Balancing Technique for Congestion Control Multipath Routing Protocol in MANETs. Wireless Pers Commun 92, 749–770 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-016-3575-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-016-3575-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation