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Beam Forming and Steering with INS for Cellular Phones to Reduce EM Radiation Exposure

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Abstract

Cellular phone antennas are generally designed to have radiation patterns that are as omnidirectional as possible. Omnidirectional antennas allow a phone’s radio to work well for many orientations of the phone with respect to the cellular base station. Recent studies, however, are generating uncertainty about the health effects of prolonged exposure to electromagnetic (EM) radiation from cellular phones. In this paper, an antenna array is designed primarily to minimize users’ exposure to EM radiation. The antenna comprises a beamforming 4 by 3 array of microstrip patch antennas that is controlled by an accelerometer-only inertial navigation system. The proposed design reduces radiated power directed toward the user to below 10% of the total in the worst case.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), Portland, OR, 97208, USA

    Patrick L. Schmidt

  2. School of EECS, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA

    Mario E. Magaña

  3. University of Applied Sciences Offenburg, Offenburg, Germany

    Waldemar Grünwald & Tobias Felhauer

Authors
  1. Patrick L. Schmidt
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  2. Waldemar Grünwald
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  3. Mario E. Magaña
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  4. Tobias Felhauer
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Correspondence to Mario E. Magaña.

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Schmidt, P.L., Grünwald, W., Magaña, M.E. et al. Beam Forming and Steering with INS for Cellular Phones to Reduce EM Radiation Exposure. Wireless Pers Commun 97, 19–39 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-4490-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-4490-y

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