Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

A Secure and Efficient Chaotic Maps Based Authenticated Key-Exchange Protocol for Smart Grid

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Nicanfar and Leung proposed a multilayer consensus elliptic curve based password authenticated key-exchange (MCEPAK) protocol for smart grid. They claimed that their protocol is secure against possible attacks. In this paper, we show that the MCEPAK protocol is vulnerable to the dictionary attack and an adversary can obtain the passwords of the appliances by eavesdropping the communicated messages in the protocol. Moreover, we state that the passwords can be discovered by curious operators of the building area networks and the neighbor area networks. Theses weaknesses motivated us to introduce a chaotic maps based authenticated key exchange protocol for smart grid. To the best of our knowledge, the chaotic maps based key exchange protocol has not yet been devised for smart grid and the same objective has been fulfilled in this paper. In addition, we prove the security of the proposed protocol by a formal analysis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abdalla, M., & Pointcheval, D. (2005). Simple password-based encrypted key exchange protocols. In Topics in cryptology—CT-RSA 2005 (pp. 191–208). Springer.

  2. Alvarez, G. (2005). Security problems with a chaos-based deniable authentication scheme. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 26(1), 7–11.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  3. Armando, A., Basin, D., Boichut, Y., Chevalier, Y., Compagna, L., Cuéllar, J., et al. (2005). The AVISPA tool for the automated validation of internet security protocols and applications. In International conference on computer aided verification (pp. 281–285). Springer.

  4. Bellare, M., & Rogaway, P. (2000). The AuthA protocol for password-based authenticated key exchange. Tech. rep., Citeseer.

  5. Bellare, M., Pointcheval, D., & Rogaway, P. (2000). Authenticated key exchange secure against dictionary attacks. In Advances in cryptology, Eurocrypt 2000 (pp. 139–155). Springer.

  6. Bellovin, S. M., & Merritt, M. (1992). Encrypted key exchange: Password-based protocols secure against dictionary attacks. In 1992 IEEE computer society symposium on research in security and privacy, 1992. Proceedings (pp. 72–84). IEEE.

  7. Bellovin, S. M., & Merritt, M. (1993). Augmented encrypted key exchange: A password-based protocol secure against dictionary attacks and password file compromise. In Proceedings of the 1st ACM conference on computer and communications security (pp. 244–250). ACM.

  8. Bresson, E., Chevassut, O., & Pointcheval, D. (2003). Security proofs for an efficient password-based key exchange. In Proceedings of the 10th ACM conference on computer and communications security (pp. 241–250). ACM.

  9. Bresson, E., Chevassut, O., & Pointcheval, D. (2004). New security results on encrypted key exchange. In International workshop on public key cryptography (pp. 145–158). Springer.

  10. Chen, T. H., Wang, B. J., Tu, T. Y., & Wang, C. H. (2013). A security-enhanced key agreement protocol based on chaotic maps. Security and Communication Networks, 6(1), 108–114.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Diffie, W., & Hellman, M. E. (1976). New directions in cryptography. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 22(6), 644–654.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Fouda, M. M., Fadlullah, Z. M., Kato, N., Lu, R., & Shen, X. (2011). Towards a light-weight message authentication mechanism tailored for smart grid communications. In 2011 IEEE conference on computer communications workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS) (pp. 1018–1023). IEEE.

  13. Gong, P., Li, P., & Shi, W. (2012). A secure chaotic maps-based key agreement protocol without using smart cards. Nonlinear Dynamics, 70(4), 2401–2406.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Guo, X., & Zhang, J. (2010). Secure group key agreement protocol based on chaotic hash. Information Sciences, 180(20), 4069–4074.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Han, S. (2008). Security of a key agreement protocol based on chaotic maps. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 38(3), 764–768.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  16. Han, S., & Chang, E. (2009). Chaotic map based key agreement with/out clock synchronization. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 39(3), 1283–1289.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. He, D., & Khan, M. K. (2013). Cryptanalysis of a key agreement protocol based on chaotic hash. International Journal of Electronic Security and Digital Forensics, 5(3–4), 172–177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Jiang, Q., Wei, F., Fu, S., Ma, J., Li, G., & Alelaiwi, A. (2016). Robust extended chaotic maps-based three-factor authentication scheme preserving biometric template privacy. Nonlinear Dynamics, 83(4), 2085–2101.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Kanso, A., & Ghebleh, M. (2015). A structure-based chaotic hashing scheme. Nonlinear Dynamics, 81(1–2), 27–40.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Kaplan, D., & Glass, L. (2012). Understanding nonlinear dynamics. Berlin: Springer Science & Business Media.

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  21. Katz, J., Ostrovsky, R., & Yung, M. (2009). Efficient and secure authenticated key exchange using weak passwords. Journal of the ACM (JACM), 57(1), 3.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Kobara, K. (2002). Pretty-simple password-authenticated key-exchange protocol proven to be secure in the standard model. IEICE Transactions on Fundamentals of Electronics, Communications and Computer Sciences, 85(10), 2229–2237.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Kocarev, L. (2001). Chaos-based cryptography: A brief overview. IEEE Circuits and Systems Magazine, 1(3), 6–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Lee, T. F. (2015). Enhancing the security of password authenticated key agreement protocols based on chaotic maps. Information Sciences, 290, 63–71.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Lee, C. C., Chen, C. L., Wu, C. Y., & Huang, S. Y. (2012). An extended chaotic maps-based key agreement protocol with user anonymity. Nonlinear Dynamics, 69(1–2), 79–87.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  26. Li, F., Luo, B., & Liu, P. (2010). Secure information aggregation for smart grids using homomorphic encryption. In 2010 1st IEEE international conference on smart grid communications (SmartGridComm) (pp. 327–332). IEEE.

  27. Li, M., et al. (2010). Securing personal health records in cloud computing: Patient-centric and fine-grained data access control in multi-owner settings. In International conference on security and privacy in communication systems. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

  28. Li Y., Ge, G., & Xia, D. (2016). Chaotic hash function based on the dynamic S-Box with variable parameters. Nonlinear Dynamics, 84(4), 2387–2402.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  29. Liu, Y., & Xue, K. (2016). An improved secure and efficient password and chaos-based two-party key agreement protocol. Nonlinear Dynamics, 84(2), 549–557.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  30. MacKenzie, P. (2002). The PAK suite: Protocols for password-authenticated key exchange. Contributions to IEEE P 1363:2.

  31. Nicanfar, H., & Leung, V. C. (2013). Multilayer consensus ECC-based password authenticated key-exchange (MCEPAK) protocol for smart grid system. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 4(1), 253–264.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Niu, Y., & Wang, X. (2011). An anonymous key agreement protocol based on chaotic maps. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, 16(4), 1986–1992.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Pande, A., & Zambreno, J. (2013). A chaotic encryption scheme for real-time embedded systems: Design and implementation. Telecommunication Systems, 52(2), 551–561.

    Google Scholar 

  34. Ruj, S., & Nayak, A. (2013). A decentralized security framework for data aggregation and access control in smart grids. IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, 4(1), 196–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Teh, J. S., Samsudin, A., & Akhavan, A. (2015). Parallel chaotic hash function based on the shuffle–exchange network. Nonlinear Dynamics, 81(3), 1067–1079.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Tseng, H. R., Jan, R. H., & Yang, W. (2009). A chaotic maps-based key agreement protocol that preserves user anonymity. In 2009 IEEE international conference on communications (pp. 1–6). IEEE

  37. Wang, X. Y., & Gu, S. X. (2014). New chaotic encryption algorithm based on chaotic sequence and plain text. IET Information Security, 8(3), 213–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Wang, S., Wang, J., & Xu, M. (2004). Weaknesses of a password-authenticated key exchange protocol between clients with different passwords. In M. Jakobsson, M. Yung, J. Zhou (Eds.), Applied cryptography and network security (pp. 414–425). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.

  39. Xiao, D., Liao, X., & Wong, K. (2005). An efficient entire chaos-based scheme for deniable authentication. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 23(4), 1327–1331.

    Article  MATH  Google Scholar 

  40. Xiao, D., Liao, X., & Deng, S. (2007). A novel key agreement protocol based on chaotic maps. Information Sciences, 177(4), 1136–1142.

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  41. Xiao, D., Liao, X., & Deng, S. (2008). Using time-stamp to improve the security of a chaotic maps-based key agreement protocol. Information Sciences, 178(6), 1598–1602.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  42. Xing-Yuan, W., & Da-Peng, L. (2013). A secure key agreement protocol based on chaotic maps. Chinese Physics B, 22(11), 110,503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  43. Xue, K., & Hong, P. (2012). Security improvement on an anonymous key agreement protocol based on chaotic maps. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, 17(7), 2969–2977.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  44. Yoon, E. J. (2012). Efficiency and security problems of anonymous key agreement protocol based on chaotic maps. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, 17(7), 2735–2740.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  45. Zhang, L. (2008). Cryptanalysis of the public key encryption based on multiple chaotic systems. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 37(3), 669–674.

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  46. Zhu, H., Zhang, Y., Xia, Y., & Li, H. (2016). Password-authenticated key exchange scheme using chaotic maps towards a new architecture in standard model. International Journal of Network Security, 18(2), 326–334.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran

    Majid Bayat

  2. ICT Complex, Malek-Ashtar University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Beheshti Atashgah

  3. Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

    Mohammad Reza Aref

Authors
  1. Majid Bayat
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Mohammad Beheshti Atashgah
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mohammad Reza Aref
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Majid Bayat.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bayat, M., Atashgah, M.B. & Aref, M.R. A Secure and Efficient Chaotic Maps Based Authenticated Key-Exchange Protocol for Smart Grid. Wireless Pers Commun 97, 2551–2579 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-4623-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-017-4623-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation