Abstract
WBAN consists of several tiny sensors that are located inside and outside human body for continuous monitoring of vital parameters of patients suffering from chronic diseases. The wearable sensor unit consists of transmitter, receiver and central process unit (gateway). The gateway is used to connect wearable sensors on human body to the internet. To increase the lifetime of such networks, the energy spent by the sensors has to be minimized. In this work we analyzed the feasibility and performance of fountain code based raptor code for error correction to overcome the energy and reliability issues. Versatility of raptor code in terms of code rate and coding gain is advantageous to increase the energy efficiency of WBAN network. Simulation results considering different fading channels show that the raptor coded packet transmission is more energy efficient than that of LT code, traditional BCH code and ARQ error control technique.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Movassaghi, S., Abolhasan, M., Lipman, J., Smith, D., & Jamalipour, A. (2014). Wireless body area networks: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 16(3), 1658–1686.
Lee, S., & Annavaram, M. (2012). Wireless body area networks: Where does energy go? In IISWC’12 IEEE international symposium on workload characterization, pp. 25–35.
Abouei, J., Brown, J. D., Plataniotis, K. N., & Pasupathy, S. (2011). On the energy efficiency of LT codes in proactive wireless sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 59(3), 1116–1127.
Shokrollahi, A. (2006). Raptor codes. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 52(6), 2551–2567.
Luby, M. G., Mitzenmacher, M., Shokrollahi, M. A., & Spielman, D. A. (2001). Efficient erasure correcting codes. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 47(2), 569–584.
Simon, M. K., & Alouini, M. S. (2005). Digital communication over fading channels—A unified approach to performance analysis. New York: Wiley.
Gupta, A., & Abhayapala, T. D. (2008). Body area networks: Radio channel modelling and propagation characteristics. In CTW’08 communications theory workshop, Australia, pp. 58–63.
Cheffena, M. (2014). Time-varying on-body wireless channel model during walking. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 1, 1–11.
Venkiah, A., Piantanida, P., Poullia, C., Duhamel, P., & Declercq, D. (2008). Rateless coding for quasi-static fading channels using channel estimation accuracy. In ISIT’08 IEEE international symposium on information theory, Toronto, Canada, pp. 2257–2261.
Sivasubramanian, B., & Leib, H. (2008). Fixed-rate raptor codes over Rician fading channels. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 57(6), 3905–3911.
Abouei, J., Dehkordy, S. F., Plataniotis, K. N., & Pasupathy, S. (2011). Raptor codes in wireless body area networks. In PIMRC’11, IEEE 22nd international symposium on personal indoor and mobile radio communications (PIMRC), pp. 2143–2147.
Samouni, N., Jilbab, A., & Aboutajdine, D. (2017). Performance evaluation of LT codes for wireless body area network. Springer Book series on Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 520, 311–320.
Takabayashi, K., Tanaka, H., Sugimoto, C., & Kohno, R. (2014). Effective error control scheme with channel state information for WBAN. In ISMICT’ 2014: Proceedings of 8th international symposium on medical information and communication technology, pp. 1–5.
Rappaport, T. S. (2001). Wireless communications: Principles and practice (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River: Prentice-Hall.
Ma, Y. Y., Yuan, D. F., & Zhang, H. X. (2006). Fountain codes and applications to reliable wireless broadcast systems. In IEEE information theory workshop, Chengdu, China, pp. 66–70.
Etesami, O., & Shokrollahi, A. (2006). Raptor codes on binary memoryless symmetric channels. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 52(5), 2033–2051.
Neugebauer, M., Ploennigs, J., & Kabitzsch, K. (2006). Evaluation of energy costs for single hop vs. multi hop with respect to topology parameters. In 2006 IEEE international workshop on factory communication systems, Torino, Italy, pp. 175–182.
Pesovic, U. M., Mohorko, J. J., Benkic, K., & Čucej, Ž. F. (2010). Single-hop vs. multi-hop–Energy efficiency analysis in wireless sensor networks. In TELFOR: 18th telecommunications forum, Serbia.
Vuran, M. C., & Akyildiz, I. F. (2006). Cross-layer analysis of error control in wireless sensor networks. In 2006 3rd annual IEEE communications society on sensor and ad hoc communications and networks, Reston, VA, pp. 585–594.
Chouhan, S., Bose, R., & Balakrishnan, M. (2009). Integrated energy analysis of error correcting codes and modulation for energy efficient wireless sensor nodes. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communication, 8(1), 5348–5355.
Zhang, R., Gorce, J.-M., & Jaffrès-Runser, K. (2012). Energy-delay bounds analysis in wireless multi-hop networks with unreliable radio links. Journal of Adhoc Networks, 10(7), 1306–1321.
Buratti, C., Conti, A., Dardari, D., & Verdone, R. (2009). An overview on wireless sensor networks technology and evolution. Sensors, 9(9), 6869–6896.
Atmel Corp. ATmega128 Datasheet. http://www.atmel.com.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kaythry, P., Kishore, R. & Praveena, V. Energy Efficient Raptor Codes for Error Control in Wireless Body Area Networks. Wireless Pers Commun 103, 1133–1151 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-5271-y
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-5271-y