Abstract
Femtocells are the solution to improve cellular system capacity in indoor coverage. In two-tier networks, co-channel interference is a serious problem. In this paper, an efficient spectrum allocation scheme is proposed to improve signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) and the throughput for femtocell users. The proposed spectrum allocation scheme is based on reducing the cross-tier interference by allocating the best group of the available resource blocks (RBs) that achieve minimum interference level for femtocell users. The soft frequency reuse scheme is considered for long term evolution cellular system due to its ability to decrease the inter-cell interference and enhances the throughput for macrocells. Simulation results show that the proposed spectrum allocation scheme efficiently increases the SINR for femtocell users and enhances both the femtocell throughput and the total cell throughput compared to the conventional random allocation scheme. In addition, it is shown that the best performance of proposed scheme in terms of highest SINR and highest throughput is achieved by allocating only one-third of the available RBs for femtocell.
References
Zahir, T., Arshad, K., Nakata, A., & Moessner, K. (2013). Interference management in femtocells. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 15(1), 293–311.
Mouna, H. (2017). Resource management and interference mitigation for dense heterogeneous small-cell networks. Ph.D. dissertation, École de technologie supérieure.
Sbit, S., Dadi, M. B., & Rhaimi, B. C. (2018). Interference evaluation in cellular networks. Wireless Personal Communications. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-5637-1.
Kosta, C., et al. (2013). On interference avoidance through inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC) based on OFDMA mobile systems. IEEE Communications Surveys and Tutorials, 15(3), 973–995.
Xie, Z., & Walke, B. (2010). Resource allocation and reuse for inter-cell interference mitigation in OFDMA based communication networks. In 2010 the 5th annual ICST wireless internet conference (WICON). IEEE.
Bouras, C., Kavourgias, G., Kokkinos, V., & Papazois, A. (2012). Interference management in LTE femtocell systems using an adaptive frequency reuse scheme. In Wireless telecommunications symposium (WTS) (pp. 1–7). IEEE.
Bilios, D., Bouras, C., Kokkinos, V., Papazois, A., & Tseliou, G. (2013). Selecting the optimal fractional frequency reuse scheme in long term evolution networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 71(4), 2693–2712.
Mohamed, A. S., Abd-Elnaby, M., & El-Dolil, S. A. (2016). Self-organized dynamic FFR resource allocation scheme for LTE-advanced relay based networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 91(2), 933–955.
Jiming, C., Peng, W., & Jie, Z. (2013). Adaptive soft frequency reuse scheme for in-building dense femtocell networks. China Communications, 10(1), 44–55.
Mohamed, A. S., Abd-Elnaby, M., & El-Dolil, S. A. (2016). Self-organised dynamic resource allocation scheme using enhanced fractional frequency reuse in long term evolution-advanced relay-based networks. IET Communications, 10(10), 1163–1174.
Giambene, G., & Yahiya, T. A. (2014). LTE planning for soft frequency reuse. IFIP Wireless Days, February.
Gajewski, S. (2017). Soft-partial frequency reuse method for LTE-A. In Radioengineering (vol. 26, no. 1). IEEE.
Morales, G., Femenias, J. G., & Riera-Palou, F. (2016). Analysis and optimization of FFR-aided OFDMA-based heterogeneous cellular networks. IEEE Access, 4, 5111–5127.
Jeon, W. S., Kim, J., & Jeong, D. G. (2014). Downlink radio resource partitioning with fractional frequency reuse in femtocell networks. IEEE Transactions Vehicular Technology, 63(1), 308–321.
Bharucha, Z., Haas, H., Auer, G., & Cosovic, I. (2009). Femto-cell resource partitioning. In GLOBECOM workshops (pp. 1–6). IEEE.
Jin, F., Zhang, R., & Hanzo, L. (2013). Fractional frequency reuse aided twin-layer femtocell networks: Analysis, design and optimization. IEEE Transactions Communications, 61(5), 2074–2085.
Chu, X., Wu, Y., Benmesbah, L., & Ling, W. K. (2010). Resource allocation in hybrid macro/femto networks. In Wireless communications and networking conference workshops (WCNCW) (pp. 1–5). IEEE.
Kalbkhani, H., Jafarpour-Alamdari, S., Solouk, V., & Shayesteh, M. G. (2014). Interference management and six-sector macrocells for performance improvement in femto–macro cellular networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 75(4), 2037–2051.
Atefe, A., Ghazizadeh, R., & Kalbkhani, H. (2016). Ameliorated resource allocation in two-tier femtocell–macrocell networks with six directional antennas for macrocells. Wireless Personal Communications, 86(3), 1493–1508.
Kosta, C., Imran, A., Quddus, A. U., & Tafazolli, R. (2011). Flexible soft frequency reuse schemes for heterogeneous networks (macrocell and femtocell). In 2011 IEEE 73rd vehicular technology conference (VTC Spring) (pp. 1–5). IEEE.
Shgluof, I., Ismail, M., & Nordin, R. (2018). Deployment challenges and co-tier interference management techniques for ultra-dense femtocell networks. In Space science and communication for sustainability (pp. 239–252).
Kawser, M. T., Islam, M. R., Ahmed, K. I., Karim, M. R., & Saif, J. B. (2015). Efficient resource allocation and sectorization for fractional frequency reuse (FFR) in LTE femtocell systems. Radioengineering, 24(4), 940–947.
Dimitrios, B., Bouras, C., Diles, G., Kokkinos, V., Papazois, A., & Tseliou, G. (2014). A simulation framework for the evaluation of frequency reuse in LTE-A systems. International Journal of Wireless Networks and Broadband Technologies (IJWNBT), 3(2), 56–83.
Meiling, L., Villemaud, G., & Gorce, J.-M. (2015). Generation of 2D correlated random shadowing based on the deterministic MR-FDPF model. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 1, 2015.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Attia, E.S., El-Dolil, S.A. & Abd-Elnaby, M. Spectrum Allocation for Enhanced Cross-Tier Interference Mitigation with Throughput Improvement for Femtocells in a Heterogeneous LTE Cellular Network. Wireless Pers Commun 101, 1671–1683 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-5783-5
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-018-5783-5