Abstract
Past few decade have seen an immense growth in demand for mobile access, which has in turn reflected in growth of wireless communication. However, maintaining quality of service in wireless networks has proved to be a challenge to the propagation use of this technology, even though it is cost-effective as compared to wired network technology. The use of multi input multi output (MIMO) systems overcomes the challenge to certain extent; as they contain multiple transmitter and receiver antennas and have been widely acknowledged for their QoS and transmit diversity. Though suited for cellular base stations, MIMO systems are not suited for small sized wireless nodes due their hardware complexity, cost, and increased power requirements. This is reason why MIMO systems have been substituted by cooperative communication; because they allow relays i.e. mobile or fixed nodes in a communication network, to share their resources and forward other node’s data to the destination node. The aim of this paper is to present an efficient multi-hop distributed relay supporting medium access control (MAC) protocol (EDMRS) that works in multi-hop environment and improves the energy efficiency and the life of relay nodes without compensating the throughput of the network. The protocol has been simulated using NS2 simulator. The proposed protocol is compared with energy efficient cooperative MAC protocol and legacy distributed coordination function on the basis of throughput, energy efficiency, transmission delay and end to end delay with various payload sizes. The results thus achieved are indicative of outperformance of the proposed protocol in comparison to other two protocols.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Akyildiz, I., Su, W., Sankarasubramaniam, Y., & Cayirci, E. (2002). Wireless sensor networks: A survey. Computer Networks, 38(4), 393–422. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1389-1286(01)00302-4.
Alizadeh-Shabdiz, F., & Subramaniam, S. (2006). Analytical models for single-hop and multi-hop ad hoc networks. Mobile Networks and Applications, 11(1), 75–90.
Bianchi, G. (2000). Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 18(3), 535–547.
Chockalingam, A., Xu, W., Zorzi, M., & Milstein, L. B. (1998). Energy efficiency analysis of a multichannel wireless access protocol. In The ninth IEEE international symposium on personal, indoor and mobile radio communications, 1998 (Vol. 3, pp. 1096–1100). IEEE.
Goldsmith, A., Jafar, S. A., Jindal, N., & Vishwanath, S. (2003). Capacity limits of MIMO channels. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 21(5), 684–702.
He, X., & Li, F. Y. (2011). Cooperative MAC design in multi-hop wireless networks: Part I: When source and destination are within the transmission range of each other. Wireless Personal Communications, 57(3), 339–350.
He, X., & Li, F. Y. (2011). Optimization of the relay selection scheme in cooperative retransmission networks. In 2011 IEEE 73rd vehicular technology conference (VTC Spring) (pp. 1–5). IEEE.
Heidemann, J., Silva, F., Intanagonwiwat, C., Govindan, R., Estrin, D., & Ganesan, D. (2001). Building efficient wireless sensor networks with low-level naming. In ACM SIGOPS operating systems review (Vol. 35, pp. 146–159). ACM.
Hong, Y. W., Huang, W. J., Chiu, F. H., & Kuo, C. C. J. (2007). Cooperative communications in resource-constrained wireless networks. IEEE Signal Processing magazine, 24(3), 47–57.
Intanagonwiwat, C., Govindan, R., & Estrin, D. (2000). Directed diffusion: A scalable and robust communication paradigm for sensor networks. In Proceedings of the 6th annual international conference on mobile computing and networking (pp. 56–67). ACM.
Jacob, L., & Shamna, H. (2015). Efficient cooperative MAC and routing in wireless networks. Transactions on Networks and Communications, 3(5), 79.
Ju, P., Song, W., & Zhou, D. (2013). Survey on cooperative medium access control protocols. IET Communications, 7(9), 893–902.
Lee, J., Mo, J., Trung, T. M., Walrand, J., & So, H. S. W. (2010). Design and analysis of a cooperative multichannel MAC protocol for heterogeneous networks. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 59(7), 3536–3548.
Lin, J., & Weitnauer, M. A. (2016). Modeling of multihop wireless sensor networks with MAC, queuing, and cooperation. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks. https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/5258742.
Nosratinia, A., Hunter, T. E., & Hedayat, A. (2004). Cooperative communication in wireless networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 42(10), 74–80.
Sadeghi, R., Barraca, J. P., & Aguiar, R. L. (2017). A survey on cooperative MAC protocols in IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 95(2), 1469–1493.
Sendonaris, A., Erkip, E., & Aazhang, B. (2003). User cooperation diversity. Part I. System description. IEEE Transactions on Communications, 51(11), 1927–1938.
Shah, A. S., & Islam, M. S. (2014). A survey on cooperative communication in wireless networks. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications, 6(7), 66.
Yick, J., Mukherjee, B., & Ghosal, D. (2008). Wireless sensor network survey. Computer Networks, 52(12), 2292–2330.
Yu, G., Zhang, Z., & Qiu, P. (2007). Efficient ARQ protocols for exploiting cooperative relaying in wireless sensor networks. Computer Communications, 30(14–15), 2765–2773.
Zhang, X., Guo, L., Anpalagan, A., & Khwaja, A. S. (2017). Performance of energy-efficient cooperative MAC protocol with power backoff in MANETs. Wireless Personal Communications, 92(3), 843–861.
Zheng, J., & Jamalipour, A. (2009). Wireless sensor networks: A networking perspective. Hoboken: Wiley.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kakria, A., Aseri, T.C. An Efficient Distributed Multi-hop Relay Supporting (EDMRS) MAC Protocol for Wireless Sensor Networks. Wireless Pers Commun 107, 1321–1335 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06338-6
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-019-06338-6