Skip to main content

Advertisement

Springer Nature Link
Log in

Dynamic Coverage Optimization for 5G Ultra-dense Cellular Networks Based on Their User Densities

  • Published:
Wireless Personal Communications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

This paper has proposed a user-density-based coverage optimization technique for ultra-dense cellular networks. Antenna tilting is a promising coverage optimization technique to be used in 5G networks, that significantly improve the signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) by choosing the appropriate angle of tilt. In this paper, the cellular coverage has been optimized for scattered user densities/user hotspots using an adaptive antenna tilting mechanism that steers the beams towards the temporal hot spot in the coverage area. The proposed method has the competence to improve the desired SINR level and coverage area for a group of users rather than a single user. In this work, a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm has been implemented to optimize the tilt angle. The performance of the proposed technique has been evaluated in the simulation platform considering a three-sectored multicellular mobile network where the groups of user clusters are distributed randomly. The result confirms the improvement in RSS and SINR values in the group of users having high density with maximum user satisfaction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Subscribe and save

Springer+ Basic
$34.99 /Month
  • Get 10 units per month
  • Download Article/Chapter or eBook
  • 1 Unit = 1 Article or 1 Chapter
  • Cancel anytime
Subscribe now

Buy Now

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Explore related subjects

Discover the latest articles and news from researchers in related subjects, suggested using machine learning.

Data availability

Not applicable.

Code availability

Not applicable.

References

  1. Yilmaz, O. N. C., Hamalainen, S., & Hamalainen, J. (2009). System level analysis of vertical sectorisation for 3GPP LTE, 6thIEEE International Symposium on Wireless Communication System, (pp. 453–457), Tuscany.

  2. Siomina, I., Varbrand, P., & Yuan, D. (2006). Automated optimization of service coverage and base station antenna configuration in UMTS networks, in IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 13, no. 6, (pp. 16–25).

  3. Hamalainen, S., Sanneck, H., & Sartori, C. (2011). LTE self-organising networks (SON): Network management automation for operational efficiency. Wiley.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  4. Chen, S., Qin, F., Hu, B., Li, X. & Chen, Z. (2016). User-centric ultra-dense networks for 5G: Challenges, methodologies, and directions, IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 23, no. 2, (pp. 78–85).

  5. ITU-R Report M.2320. (2014). Future Technology Trends of Terrestrial IMT Systems.

  6. Dandanov, N., Al-Shatri, H., Klein, A. & Poulkov, V. (2017). Dynamic Self-Optimization of the Antenna Tilt for Best Trade-off Between Coverage and Capacity in Mobile Networks.Wireless Personal Communications: Springer Link, vol. 92, Issue 1, (pp 251–278).

  7. Athley, F., Johansson, M., (2010). Impact of electrical and mechanical antenna tilt on LTE downlink system performance. Proc. IEEE 71st Veh. Technol. Conf., pp. 1–5, May 2010

  8. Yilmaz, O., Hamalainen, S., & Hamalainen, J. (2009). Comparison of remote electrical and mechanical antenna downtilt performance for 3GPP LTE. Vehicular Technology Conference Fall (VTC 2009-Fall)2009 IEEE 70th. pp. 1–5.

  9. Yilmaz, O., Hamalainen, J., & Hamalainen, S. (2010). Self-optimization of remote electrical tilt. Personal Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), 2010 IEEE 21st International Symposium on. pp. 1128–1132.

  10. Partov, B., Leith, D. J., & Razavi, R. (2015). Utility fair optimization of antenna tilt angles in LTE networks. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 23(1), 175–185.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Dreifuerst, R., Daultony, S., Qiany, Y., Varkeyy, P., Balandaty, M., Kasturiay, S., Tomary, A., Yazdany, A., Ponnampalamy, V., Heath, R. (2021) Optimizing Coverage and Capacity in Cellular Networks using Machine Learning. IEEE ICASSP 2021.

  12. Razavi, R., Klein, S. & Claussen, H. (2010). Self-optimization of capacity and coverage in LTE networks using a fuzzy reinforcement learning approach, 21st Annual IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications, (pp. 1865–1870), Instanbul, doi: https://doi.org/10.1109/PIMRC.2010.5671622.

  13. Berger, S., Fehske, A., Zanier, P., Viering I., & Fettweis, G. (2014). Online antenna tilt-based capacity and coverage optimization, in IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 3, no. 4, (pp. 437–440).

  14. Dandanov, N., Samal, S. R., Bandopadhaya, S., Poulkov, V., Tonchev, K., & Koleva, P. (2018). Comparison of wireless channels for antenna tilt based coverage and capacity optimization, Global Wireless Summit (GWS-2018) (pp. 119–123). Chiang Rai.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Buenestado, V., Toril, M., Luna-Ramírez, S., Ruiz-Avilés, J. M. & Mendo, A. (2017). Self-tuning of remote electrical tilts based on call traces for coverage and capacity optimization in LTE, in IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 66, no. 5, (pp. 4315–4326).

  16. Samal, S. R., Dandanov, N., Bandopadhaya, S., & Poulkov, V. (2020). Adaptive antenna tilt for cellular coverage optimization in suburban scenario, in Biologically inspired techniques in many-criteria decision making, learning and analytics in intelligent systems, (Vol. 10). Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Pedras, V., Sousa, M., Vieira, P., Queluz, M., Rodrigues, A., (2017). Antenna tilt optimization using a novel QoE model based on 3G radio measurements. in Proc. 20th Int. Symp. Wireless Pers. Multimedia Commun. (WPMC), Dec. 2017, pp. 124–130.

  18. Ordóñez, P., Luna-Ramírez, S., & Toril, M. (2020). A Computationally Efficient Method for QoE-Driven Self-Planning of Antenna Tilts in a LTE Network. IEEE Access, 8, 197005–197016.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Goldsmith, A. (2005). Wireless communications. Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  20. 3GPP TR 36.814 V9.0.0, Technical specification group radio access network (E-UTRA). (2010). Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA), Further advancements for E-UTRA physical layer aspects (Release 9).

  21. Commscope. (2017).Improving metro cell performance with electrical downtilt and upper sidelobe suppression. White Paper.

Download references

Funding

Not applicable.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Telecommunications, Technical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria

    Soumya Ranjan Samal, Nikolay Dandanov & Vladimir Poulkov

  2. Silicon Institute of Technology, Bhubaneswar, India

    Soumya Ranjan Samal

  3. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Gandhi Institute for Technological Advancements, Bhubaneswar, India

    Kaliprasanna Swain & Gopinath Palai

  4. School of Physical Sciences, Banasthali Vidyapith, Rajasthan, India

    Shuvabrata Bandopadhaya

  5. Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, KoneruLakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur, India

    Sidheswar Routray

Authors
  1. Soumya Ranjan Samal
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Kaliprasanna Swain
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Shuvabrata Bandopadhaya
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Nikolay Dandanov
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Vladimir Poulkov
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Sidheswar Routray
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Gopinath Palai
    View author publications

    Search author on:PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Gopinath Palai.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

Not applicable.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Samal, S.R., Swain, K., Bandopadhaya, S. et al. Dynamic Coverage Optimization for 5G Ultra-dense Cellular Networks Based on Their User Densities. Wireless Pers Commun 128, 605–620 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-022-09969-4

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-022-09969-4

Keywords