Abstract
The nonlinear distortion of wideband signal due to the filtering and efficiently operated high power amplifiers limits the performance of satellite communications. Volterra series can be used to describe the nonlinear satellite channels effectively. Most existing equalizers simply ignore the nonlinear terms or treat all the nonlinear combinations of symbols as interference. In this study, by properly exploiting information from nonlinear terms, we propose three turbo equalizers for nonlinear satellite channels, namely, joint Gaussian (JG), soft interference cancellation-minimum mean square error (SIC-MMSE) and linear minimum mean square error (LMMSE) equalizers. In JG and SIC-MMSE-based equalizers, both the linear and nonlinear terms that contain the symbol of interest are considered as desired signals. Accordingly, the required statistics are calculated based on the a priori probabilities of coded bits from output of channel decoder. For LMMSE-based equalizer, we propose to calculate the extrinsic information from output of equalizer by excluding the prior information in both the linear and nonlinear terms. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed equalizers significantly outperform the method which ignores the presence of nonlinear interferences. Moreover, the nonlinear terms that contain the symbol of interest can be exploited to further improve the performance of turbo equalization.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Benedetto S, Garello R, Montorsi G, et al. MHOMS: high-speed ACM modem for satellite applications. IEEE Wirel Commun, 2005, 12: 66–77
Casini E, Gaudenzi R D, Ginesi A. DVB-S2 modem algorithms design and performance over typical satellite channels. Int J Satell Commun Netw, 2004, 22: 281–318
Benedetto S, Biglieri E, Daffara R. Modeling and performance evaluation of nonlinear satellite links-a volterra series approach. IEEE Trans Aerosp Electron Syst, 1979, 4: 494–507
Karam G, Sari H. Analysis of predistortion, equalization, and ISI cancellation techniques in digital radio systems with nonlinear transmit amplifiers. IEEE Trans Commun, 1989, 37: 1245–1253
Gutierrez A, Ryan W E. Performance of Volterra and MLSD receivers for nonlinear band-limited satellite systems. IEEE Trans Commun, 2000, 48: 1171–1177
Malone J, Wickert J. Practical Volterra equalizers for wideband satellite communications with TWTA nonlinearities. In: Proceedings of Digital Signal Processing Workshop and IEEE Signal Processing Education Workshop, Sedona, 2011. 48–53
Deleu T, Horlin F, Dervin M. Turbo-equalization of the remaining interference in a pre-distorted non-linear satellite channel. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, Florence, 2014. 1946–1950
Qian H, Yao S, Huang H, et al. A low-complexity digital predistortion algorithm for power amplifier linearization. IEEE Trans Broadcast, 2014, 60: 670–678
Chen S, Tan S, Xu L, et al. Adaptive minimum error-rate filtering design: a review. Signal Process, 2008, 88: 1671–1697
Cai Y, de Lamare R C. Space-time adaptive MMSE multiuser decision feedback detectors with multiple-feedback interference cancellation for CDMA systems. IEEE Trans Veh Tech, 2009, 58: 4129–4140
Wu J, Zhong J, Cai Y, et al. New detection algorithms based on the jointly Gaussian approach and successive interference cancelation for iterative MIMO systems. Int J Commun Syst, 2014, 27: 1964–1983
Xing C, Ma S, Zhou Y. Matrix-monotonic optimization for MIMO systems. IEEE Trans Signal Process, 2015, 63: 334–348
Gong C, Xu Z. Channel estimation and signal detection for optical wireless scattering communication with inter-symbol interference. IEEE Trans Wirel Commun, 2015, 14: 5326–5337
Xing C, Gao F, Zhou Y. A framework for transceiver designs for multi-hop communications with covariance shaping constraints. IEEE Trans Signal Process, 2015, 63: 3930–3945
Zhou W, Zhang S. The decision delay in finite-length MMSE-DFE systems systems. Wirel Pers Commun, 2015, 83: 1–15
Xing C, Ma Y, Zhou Y et al. Transceiver optimization for multi-hop communications with per-antenna power constraints. IEEE Trans Signal Process, 2016, 64: 1519–1534
Huang G M, Gillin D, Zhou D, et al. An efficient and robust method to determine the optimal tap coefficients of high speed FIR equalizer. Sci China Inf Sci, 2017, 60: 022401
Muller R R, Gerstacker W H. On the capacity loss due to separation of detection and decoding. IEEE Trans Inf Theory, 2004, 50: 1769–1778
Douillard C, Jezequel M, Berrou C. Iterative correction of intersymbol interference: turbo equalization. Eur Trans Telecommun, 1995, 6: 507–511
Schlegel C B, Perez L C. Trellis and Turbo Coding: Iterative and Graph-Based Error Control Coding. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2015
Laot C, Glavieux A, Labat J. Turbo equalization: adaptive equalization and channel decoding jointly optimized. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2001, 19: 1744–1752
Reynolds D, Wang X. Low-complexity turbo-equalization for diversity channels. Signal Process, 2001, 81: 989–995
Tuchler M, Koetter R, Singer A C. Turbo equalization: principles and new results. IEEE Trans Commun, 2002, 50: 754–767
Zhong W, Lu A A, Gao X Q. MMSE SQRD based SISO detection for coded MIMO-OFDM systems. Sci China Inf Sci, 2014, 57: 042311
Liu L, Leung W, Ping L. Simple iterative chip-by-chip multiuser detection for CDMA systems. In: Proceedings of IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference, Jeju Island, 2003. 2157–2161
Guo Q, Ping L. LMMSE turbo equalization based on factor graphs. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2008, 26: 311–319
Kashif F M, Wymeersch H, Win M Z. Monte carlo equalization for nonlinear dispersive satellite channels. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 2008, 26: 245–255
Benedetto S, Biglieri E. Nonlinear equalization of digital satellite channels. IEEE J Sel Areas Commun, 1983, 1: 57–62
Chen Y C, Su Y T. Turbo equalization of nonlinear TDMA satellite signals. IEICE Trans Commun, 2009, 92: 992–997
Burnet C E, Cowley W G. Performance analysis of turbo equalization for nonlinear channels. In: Proceedings of International Symposium on Information Theory, Adelaide, 2005. 2026–2030
Ampeliotis D, Rontogiannis A, Berberidis K et al. Turbo equalization of non-linear satellite channels using soft interference cancellation. Adv Sat Mobile Syst, 2008, 124: 289–292
Benammar B, Thomas N, Poulliat C, et al. On linear MMSE based turbo-equalization of nonlinear volterra channels. In: Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, Vancouver, 2013. 4703–4707
Wang X, Poor H V. Iterative (turbo) soft interference cancellation and decoding for coded CDMA. IEEE Trans Commun, 1999, 47: 1046–1061
Xing C, Ma S, Wu Y C. Robust joint design of linear relay precoder and destination equalizer for dual-hop amplify- and forward MIMO relay systems. IEEE Trans Signal Process, 2010, 58: 2273–2283
Tuchler M, Singer A C. Turbo equalization: an overview. IEEE Trans Inf Theory, 2011, 57: 920–952
Liu L, Ping L. An extending window MMSE turbo equalization algorithm. IEEE Signal Process Lett, 2004, 11: 891–894
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61471037, 61571041).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Long, Z., Wang, H., Wu, N. et al. Turbo equalization based on joint Gaussian, SIC-MMSE and LMMSE for nonlinear satellite channels. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 61, 042301 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-016-9056-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11432-016-9056-5