Skip to main content
Log in

SECoG: semantically enhanced mashup of CoAP-based IoT services

  • Original Research Paper
  • Published:
Service Oriented Computing and Applications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

One of the noticeable characteristics of the Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices is that they are resource-constrained, which makes them incompatible with the standard Internet protocols, e.g., HTTP. Nevertheless, IoT offers the Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP) as an alternative protocol for IoT devices where it is considered to be lightweight in regard to power consumption, network traffic, and so on. The main challenges associated with CoAP, however, still remain unsolved where most of the state-of-the-art approaches group servers manually and return the exact matches only. To address these issues, we propose a novel Semantically Enhanced CoAP Gateway (SECoG) for complex service mashups. SECoG enables users to create a simple or complex CoAP service mashup via a single HTTP request. Furthermore, a prototype implementation of SECoG was deployed on a real-world testbed to evaluate the proposed approach in terms of the reliability, execution time, network traffic, and accuracy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10
Fig. 11

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. https://github.com/CoAPGateway/SECoG.

  2. https://github.com/1248/microcoap.

References

  1. Castro M, Jara AJ, Skarmeta AF (2016) Enabling end-to-end CoAP-based communications for the Web of Things. J Netw Comput Appl 59:230–236

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Chun S, Seo S, Oh B, Lee K-H. (2015) Semantic description, discovery and integration for the Internet of Things. In: Proceedings of the international conference on semantic computing (ICSC), pp 272–275

  3. Compton M, Barnaghi P, Bermudez L, GarcíA-Castro R, Corcho O, Cox S, Huang V et al (2012) The SSN ontology of the W3C semantic sensor network incubator group. Web Semant Sci Serv Agents World Wide Web 17:25–32

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Fu X, Yue K, Liu L, Zou P, Feng Y (2015) Discovering admissible Web services with uncertain QoS. Front Comput Sci 9(2):265–279

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Hajlaoui JE, Omri MN, Benslimane D, Barhamgi M (2017) QoS based framework for configurable IaaS cloud services discovery. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on web services (ICWS), pp 460–467

  6. Hasemann H, Kleine O, Krller A, Leggieri M, Pfisterer D (2013) Annotating real-world objects using semantic entities. In: Proceedings of the European conference on wireless sensor networks (EWSN), February 2013, pp 67–82

  7. Han SN, Khan I, Lee GM, Crespi N, Glitho RH (2016) Service composition for IP smart object using realtime Web protocols: concept and research challenges. Comput Stand Interfaces 43:79–90

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Hou CD, Li D, Qiu JF, Shi HL, Cui L (2014) SeaHttp: a resource-oriented protocol to extend REST style for Web of Things. J Comput Sci Technol 29(2):205–215

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Ishaq I, Hoebeke J, Van den Abeele F, Rossey J, Moerman I, Demeester P (2014) Flexible unicast-based group communication for CoAP-enabled devices. Sensors 14(6):9833–9877

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Ishaq I, Hoebeke J, Moerman I, Demeester P (2016) Observing CoAP groups efficiently. Ad Hoc Netw 37:368–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Jiang W, Wu T, Hu SL, Liu ZY (2011) QoS-aware automatic service composition: a graph view. J Comput Sci Technol 26(5):837–853

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Jin X, Chun S, Jung J, Lee K-H (Nov 2014) IoT service selection based on physical service model and absolute dominance relationship. In: Proceedings of the international conference on service-oriented computing and applications (SOCA), pp 65–72

  13. Jin X, Chun S, Jung J, Lee K-H (2016) A fast and scalable approach for IoT service selection based on a physical service model. Inf Syst Front 19(6):1357–1372

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Jung J, Chun S, Jin X, Lee K-H (2016) Enabling smart objects discovery via constructing hypergraphs of heterogeneous IoT interactions. J Inf Sci. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551516674164

  15. Kim M, Oh B, Jung J, Lee K-H (2016) Outlier-robust web service selection based on a probabilistic QoS model. Int J Web Grid Serv 12(2):162–181

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kovatsch M, Lanter M, Shelby Z. (Mar 2014) Californium: scalable cloud services for the internet of things with CoAP. In: Proceedings of the IEEE world forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT), pp 1–6

  17. Ludovici A, Calveras A (2015) A proxy design to leverage the interconnection of CoAP wireless sensor networks with web applications. Sensors 15(1):1217–1244

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Luo JZ, Zhou JY, Wu ZA (2009) An adaptive algorithm for QoS-aware service composition in grid environments. Serv Oriented Comput Appl 3(3):217–226

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Moussa H, Gao T, Yen IL, Bastani F, Jeng JJ (2010) Toward effective service composition for real-time SOA-based systems. Serv Oriented Comput Appl 4(1):17–31

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Resnik P (1995) Using information content to evaluate semantic similarity in a taxonomy. In: Proceedings of the international joint conference on AI (IJCAI), pp 448–453

  21. Shelby Z, Bormann C (2014) Core resource directory. https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-core-resource-directory-00. Accessed Aug 2018

  22. Shelby Z, Hartke K, Bormann C (2014) The constrained application protocol (CoAP). https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-core-coap-18. Accessed Aug 2018

  23. Shin DH, Lee K-H, Ishikawa F (2014) A graph-based approach enhancing correctness and speed of web services composition through explicit specification of functional semantics. Int J Web Grid Serv 10(4):297–318

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Wang H, Huang G, Yu Q (2016) Automatic hierarchical reinforcement learning for efficient large-scale service composition. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on web services (ICWS), pp 57–64

  25. Xu B, Luo S, Yan Y, Sun K (2012) Towards efficiency of QoS-driven semantic web service composition for large-scale service-oriented systems. Serv Oriented Comput Appl 6(1):1–13

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Zeng L, Benatallah B, Dumas M, Kalagnanam J, Sheng QZ (2003) Quality driven web services composition. In: Proceedings of the international conference on World Wide Web (WWW), pp 411–421

  27. Zhang MW, Zhang B, Liu Y, Na J, Zhu ZL (2010) Web service composition based on QoS rules. J Comput Sci Technol 25(6):1143–1156

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Zhang R, Zettsu K, Kidawara Y, Kiyoki Y, Zhou A (2013) Context-sensitive Web service discovery over the bipartite graph model. Front Comput Sci 7(6):875–893

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  29. Zhu W, Bastani F, Yen I L, Fu J, Zhang Y (2017) Automated holistic service composition: modeling and composition reasoning techniques. In: Proceedings of the IEEE international conference on web services (ICWS), pp 596–603

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was supported by Korea Electric Power Corporation (Grant No.: R18XA05).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Kyong-Ho Lee.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Jin, X., Jung, J., Chun, S. et al. SECoG: semantically enhanced mashup of CoAP-based IoT services. SOCA 13, 81–94 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11761-019-00254-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11761-019-00254-0

Keywords

Navigation