Skip to main content
Log in

Making Choices: Ethical Decisions in a Global Context

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Science and Engineering Ethics Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The changing milieu of research—increasingly global, interdisciplinary and collaborative—prompts greater emphasis on cultural context and upon partnership with international scholars and diverse community groups. Ethics training, however, tends to ignore the cross-cultural challenges of making ethical choices. This paper confronts those challenges by presenting a new curricular model developed by an international team. It examines ethics across a very broad range of situations, using case studies and employing the perspectives of social science, humanities and the sciences. The course has been developed and taught in a highly collaborative way, involving researchers and students at Zhejiang University, the Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay and Brown University. The article presents the curricular modules of the course, learning outcomes, an assessment framework developed for the project, and a discussion of evaluation findings.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bagdasarov, Z., Thiel, C. E., Johnson, J. F., Connelly, S., Harkrider, L. N., Devenport, L. D., & Mumford, M. D. (2013). Case-based ethics instruction: The influence of contextual and individual factors in case content on ethical decision-making. Science and Engineering Ethics, 19, 1305–1322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Barnhart, M. (Ed.). (2002). Varieties of ethical reflection: New directions for ethics in a global context. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Benatar, S. R. (2002). Some reflections and recommendations on research ethics in developing countries. Social Science and Medicine, 54(7), 1131–1141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benatar, S. R. (2004). Towards progress in resolving dilemmas in international research ethics. Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics, 32(4), 574–582.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benatar, S. R., Daar, A., & Singer, P. A. (2003). Global health ethics: The rationale for mutual caring. International Affairs, 79, 107–138.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bishop, R. (1998). Freeing ourselves from neo-colonial domination in research: A Maori approach to creating knowledge. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 11, 199–219.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bullock, M., & Panicker, S. (2003). Ethics for all: Differences across scientific society codes. Science and Engineering Ethics, 9, 159–170.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Denzin, N. K. (2005). Emancipatory discourses and the ethics and politics of interpretation. In The Sage Handbook of Qualitative Research (pp. 933–958). London: Sage Publication.

  • Downey, G. L., Lucena, J., & Mitcham, C. (2007). Engineering ethics and identity: Emerging initiatives in comparative perspective. Science and Engineering Ethics, 13, 463–487.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Elliott, D. (2007). Ethics in the first person: A guide to teaching and learning practical ethics. Lanham, MD: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Forsyth, D., O’Boyle, E. H, Jr, & McDaniel, M. A. (2008). East meets west: A meta-analytic investigation of cultural variations in idealism and relativism. Journal of Business Ethics, 83, 831–833.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Frost, M. (2009). Global ethics: Anarchy, freedom and international relations. London: Routledge.

  • Harris, C. E, Jr. (2004). Internationalizing professional codes in Engineering. Science and Engineering Ethics, 10, 503–521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ip, P. K. (2009). Is confucianism good for business ethics in China? Journal of Business Ethics, 88, 463–476.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kim, S., Phillips, W. R., Pinsky, L., Brock, D., Phillips, K., & Keary, J. (2006). A conceptual framework for developing teaching cases: A review and synthesis of the literature across disciplines. Medical Education, 40, 867–876.

  • Klestova, Z., & Makarenko, A. (2002). Conflict of interest between eastern and western scientific systems. Science and Engineering Ethics, 8, 387–392.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kligyte, V., Marcy, R. T., Waples, E. P., Sevier, S. T., Godfrey, E. S., Mumford, M. D., & Hougen, D. F. (2008). Application of a sense-making approach to training in the physical sciences and engineering. Science and Engineering Ethics, 14, 251–278.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kolodner, J. L. (1992). An introduction to case-based reasoning. Artificial Intelligence Review, 6, 3–34.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Latour, B., & Woolgar, S. (1979). Laboratory life: The social construction of scientific facts. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Luegenbiehl, H. C. (2004). Ethical autonomy and engineering in a cross-cultural context. Techne: Research in Philosophy and Technology, 8(1), 57–78.

  • Martin, T., Rayne, K., Kemp, N. J., Hart, J., & Diller, K. R. (2005). Teaching for adaptive expertise in biomedical engineering ethics. Science and Engineering Ethics, 11, 257–276.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miner, M., & Petocz, A. (2003). Moral theory in ethical decision making: Problems, clarification and recommendations from a psychological perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 42(1), 21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mishkin, B. (1999). Scientific misconduct: Present problems and future trends. Science and Engineering Ethics, 5, 293–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mumford, M. D., Connelly, S., Brown, S., Hill, J. H., Antes, A. L., Brown, R. P., et al. (2007). Sense-making approach to ethics training for scientists: Preliminary evidence of training effectiveness. Ethics and Behavior, 17, 337–366.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Muskavitch, K. M. T. (2005). Commentary on ‘connecting case-based ethics instruction with educational theory’. Science and Engineering Ethics, 11, 431–434.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mutua, K., & Swadener, B. B. (2004). Decolonizing research in cross-cultural contexts: Critical personal narratives. Albany: State University of New York Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Patai, D. (1991). US academics and third-world women: Is ethical research possible? In S. Gluck & D. Patai (Eds.), Women’s words: The feminist practise of oral history (pp. 137–153). New York: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pustovit, S. V. (2006). Some methodological aspects of committees’ expertise: The Ukranian example. Science and Engineering Ethics, 12, 85–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rhoades, L., & Górski, A. (2000). Scientific misconduct: An international perspective. Science and Engineering Ethics, 6, 5–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shigemi, I., & Richard, K. L. (Eds.). (2001). Crossing cultural borders: Toward an ethics of intercultural communication: Beyond reciprocal anthropology. Kyoto: International Research Center for Japanese Studies.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, L. T. (1999). Decolonizing methodologies: Research and indigenous peoples. Dunedin: University of Otago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sterba, J. P. (Ed.). (2000). Ethics: Classical western texts in feminist and multicultural perspectives. New York: Oxford University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Vallero, D. (2007). Beyond responsible conduct in research: New pedagogies to address macroethics of nanobiotechnologies. Journal of Long-Term Effects of Medical Implants, 17(7), 1–12.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation. Our work was funded through the EESE program (Ethics Education in Science and Engineering), Proposal Number 0933509.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Clyde Briant.

Appendices

Appendix 1: Pre-participation Evaluation Survey: Ethics in an International Context

figure a
figure b

Appendix 2: Post-participation Evaluation Survey: Ethics in an International Context

figure c
figure d
figure e

Appendix 3: Focus Group Interview Protocol—Students

  1. 1.

    Why be ethical? (If focus group interview, ask each person to map out a response to this—graphics—images—words—on a large post-it; then explain the post-it to the group).

  2. 2.

    To what extent did participation in the ethics course influence the way you answer the question, “Why be ethical?”

  3. 3.

    What were the most striking “take-aways” from the seminar as you reflect on the past year?

  4. 4.

    What topics/themes/cases do you think prompted new thinking about ethics in a global context? (Probe for explanation of why).

  5. 5.

    In retrospect—least helpful?

  6. 6.

    To what extent has the seminar influenced how you make ethical decisions?

  7. 7.

    To what extent has it impacted your choice of study, work or research?

  8. 8.

    Think about the format of the seminar. What types of activities prompted the most learning for you? (assigned readings, class discussions, case study analyses, weekly assignments, working on the “Ethical Framework”, research and writing your final paper, video conference with Chinese and Indian students)

  9. 9.

    Looking back, would you recommend changes to the course that would enhance learning?

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bonde, S., Briant, C., Firenze, P. et al. Making Choices: Ethical Decisions in a Global Context. Sci Eng Ethics 22, 343–366 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-015-9641-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11948-015-9641-5

Keywords

Navigation