Skip to main content
Log in

Wireless sensing and identification based on radar cross section variability measurement of passive electromagnetic sensors

  • Published:
annals of telecommunications - annales des télécommunications Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, we present the wireless measurement of various physical quantities from the analysis of the radar cross section variability of passive electromagnetic sensors. The technique uses a millimeter frequency-modulated continuous-wave radar for both remote sensing and wireless identification of sensors. Long reading ranges (up to some decameters) are reached at the expense of poor measurement resolution (typically 10 %). A review of recent experimental results is reported for illustration purposes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Jatlaoui M, Pons P, Aubert H (2007) Radio-frequency pressure transducer. European Microwave Conference, München, Germany, pp. 983–986

  2. Mcgrath M, Sabouni R, Pham A (2004) Development of nano-based resonator gas sensors for wireless sensing systems. Proc SPIE 5593(1):62–72

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Chuang J, Thomson DJ, Bridges GE (2005) Embeddable wireless strain sensor based on resonant RF cavities. Review of Scientific Instruments 76(9):094703–094707. doi:10.1063/1.2051808

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Buff W, Klett S, Rusko M, Ehrenpfordt J, Goroli M (1998) Passive remote sensing for temperature and pressure using SAW resonator devices. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 45(5):1388–1392

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Varadan VK, Teo PT, Jose KA, Varadan VV (2000) Design and development of a smart wireless system for passive temperature sensors. Smart Materials and Structures 9(4):379–388

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Pohl A (2000) A review of wireless SAW sensors. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 47(2):317–332

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Pereira M, Lad RJ, Davulis P, Canabal A, Moonlight T, Moulzolf S, Frankel DJ, Pollard T, Mccann D, Dudzik E, Abedi A, Hummels D, Bernhardt G (2011) Wireless acoustic wave sensors and systems for harsh environment applications. Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks Conference, Phoenix, USA, pp.41–44

  8. Pons P, Aubert H, Menini P, Tentzeris M (2012) Electromagnetic transduction for wireless passive sensors. Proc. Eurosensors XXVI, Procedia Engineering 47, 9–12 September 2012, Kraków, Poland, pp. 1474–1483

  9. Jatlaoui M, Chebila F, Pons P, Aubert H (2008) Pressure sensing approach based on electromagnetic transduction principle. Asia Pacific Microwave Conference, Hong Kong and Macao, China

  10. Chebila F, Jatlaoui M, Pons P, Aubert H (2010) Pressure measurement from the radar interrogation of passive sensors. IEEE International Symposium on Antennas Propagat., Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  11. Thai T-T, Chebila F, Jatlaoui M, Pons P, Aubert H, Dejean GR, Tentzeris MM, Plana R (2010) A novel passive ultrasensitive RF temperature transducer for remote sensing and identification utilizing radar cross sections variability. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Symposium, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

  12. Thai, T.-T., Chebila, F., Jatlaoui, M., Pons, P., Aubert, H., Dejean, G.R., Tentzeris, M., Plana, R. (2010) Design and development of a millimetre-wave novel passive ultrasensitive temperature transducer for remote sensing and identification. European Microwave Week, Paris, France

  13. Thai T, Jatlaoui M-M, Chebila F, Aubert H, Pons P, Dejean G-R, Tentzeris M-M, Plana R (2012) Design and development of a novel passive wireless ultrasensitive RF temperature transducer for remote sensing. IEEE Sensors Journal 12(9):2756–2766

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Traille, A., Bouaziz, S., Aubert, H., Pons, P., Tentzeris, M. (2011) A novel wireless passive temperature sensor utilizing microfluidic principles in millimeter-wave frequencies. IEEE Sensors Conference, Limerick, Ireland, pp 524–525

  15. Traille, A., Bouaziz, S., Pinon, S., Pons, P., Aubert, H., Boukabache, A., Tentzeris, M. (2011) A wireless passive RCS-based temperature sensor using liquid metal and microfluidics technologies. European Microwave Week, Manchester, UK

  16. Jalaly I, Robertson D (2005) Capacitively-tuned split microstrip resonators for RFID barcodes. Eur Microw Conf Paris France 2:4–7

    Google Scholar 

  17. Mcvay J, Hoorfar A, Engheta N (2006) Space-filling curve RFID tags. IEEE Radio Wireless Symp., San Diego, CA, pp. 199–200

  18. Preradovic S, Balbin I, Karmakar NC, Swiegers G (2009) Multiresonator-based chipless RFID system for low-cost item tracking. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 57(5):1411–1419

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Jatlaoui, M., Chebila, F., Bouaziz, S., Pons, P., Aubert, H (2010) Original identification technique of passive EM sensors using loaded transmission delay lines. European Microwave Week, Paris, France

  20. Jatlaoui, M., Chebila, F., Gmati, I., Pons, P., Aubert, H. (2009) New electromagnetic transduction micro-sensor concept for passive wireless pressure monitoring application. Transducers, 15th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems, Denver, Colorado, USA, pp. 1742–1745

  21. Jatlaoui, M., Pons, P., Aubert, H (2008) Pressure micro-sensor based on radio-frequency transducer. IEEE International Microwave Symposium, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, pp. 1203–1206

  22. Jatlaoui M, Chebila F, Pons P, Aubert H (2011) Working principle description of the wireless passive EM transduction pressure sensor. Eur Phys J Appl Phys 56:13702

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Jatlaoui M, Chebila F, Pons P, Aubert H (2009) Wireless interrogation techniques for a passive pressure micro-sensor using an EM transducer. European Microwave Week, Nuova Fiera di Roma, Rome, Italy

  24. Jatlaoui M, Chebila F, Idda T, Pons P, Aubert H (2010) Phenomenological theory and experimental characterizations of passive wireless EM pressure micro-sensor prototype. IEEE Conference on Sensors, Waikaloa, Hawaï, USA

  25. Hallil H, Chebila F, Menini P, Aubert H (2010) Feasibility of passive gas sensor based on whispering gallery modes and its radar interrogation: theoretical and experimental investigations. Sensors & Transducers Journal 116(5):38–48

    Google Scholar 

  26. Cros D, Guillon P (1990) Whispering gallery dielectric resonator modes for W-band devices. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques 38(11):1667–1671

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Tobar M, Ivanov EN, Blondy P, Cros D, Guillon P (2000) High-Q whispering gallery travelling wave resonators for oscillator frequency stabilization. IEEE Trans Ultrason Ferroelectr Freq Control 47(2):421–425

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Hallil H, Ménini P, Aubert H (2009) Novel microwave gas sensor using dielectric resonator with SnO2 sensitive layer. Procedia Chemistry 1(1):935–938, Eurosensors, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Hallil H, Ménini P, Aubert H (2009) New microwave gas detector using dielectric resonator based on a whispering-gallery-mode. European Microwave Week, Nuova Fiera di Roma, Rome, Italy

  30. Hallil, H., Ménini, P., Aubert, H. (2009) Novel millimeter-wave gas sensor using dielectric resonator with sensitive layer on TiO2. IEEE Conference on Sensors, Christchurch, New Zealand

  31. Hallil, H., Chebila, F., Menini, P., Pons, P., Aubert, H. (2010) Feasibility of wireless gas detection with an FMCW radar interrogation of passive RF gas sensor. IEEE Conference on Sensors, Waikaloa, Hawaï, USA

  32. Aubert, H, Hallil, H, Menini, P (2011) Système de mesure de la température à très haute sensibilité basé sur les modes de galerie, procédé, produit programme d’ordinateur et médium de stockage correspondants, Patent Pending FR1160896, November 29, 2011

  33. Thai, T.-T., Jatlaoui, M., Aubert, H., Pons, P., Dejean, G.R., Tentzeris M, Plana, R. (2010) A novel passive wireless ultrasensitive temperature RF transducer for remote sensing. IEEE International Microwave Symposium, Anaheim, California, USA, pp. 473–476

  34. Scott S, Peroulis D (2009) A capacitively-loaded MEMS slot element for wireless temperature sensing of up to 300°C. IEEE International Microwave Symposium, Boston, MA, pp. 1161–1164

  35. Tata U, Huang H, Carter R, Chiao JC (2009) Exploiting a patch antenna for strain measurements. Meas Sci Technol 20(1):1–7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Daliri A, Galehdar A, John S., Rowe,W., Ghorbani, K (2010) Circular microstrip patch antenna strain sensor for wireless structural health monitoring. Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, vol. II, London, UK

  37. Melik, R, Unal, E, Perkgoz, NK, Puttlitz, C, Demir, HV (2009) Metamaterial-based wireless strain sensors. Applied Physics Letters, vol. 95(1). DOI: 10.1063/1.3162336

  38. Thai T-T, Aubert H, Pons P, Tentzeris M, Plana R (2011) Design of a highly sensitive wireless and passive RF strain transducer. IEEE International Microwave Symposium, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

  39. Thai T.-T., Aubert H, Pons P, Dejean GR, Tentzeris M, Plana R (2011) Newly developed radio frequency wireless passive highly sensitive strain transducer. IEEE Sensors Conference, Limerick, Ireland, pp. 211–214

  40. Aubert H, Thai T-T, Pons P (2011) Capteur de contrainte. Patent pending FR1154781, May 31

  41. Jatlaoui, M., Chebila, F., Pons, P., Aubert, H. (2009) New micro-sensors identification techniques based on reconfigurable multi-band scatterers. Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference, Singapore

  42. Aubert H, Pons P, Chebila F, Jatlaoui M (2009) Measurement device comprising an electromagnetic diffuser. Patent WO 2010/136388, May 29

  43. Chebila F, Jatlaoui M, Pons P, Aubert H (2009) Reconfigurable multi-band scatterers for micro-sensors identification. IEEE International Symposium on Antennas Propagat., Charleston, South Carolina, USA

  44. Mandel C, Schüßler M, Jakoby R (2011) A wireless passive strain sensor. IEEE Sensors Conference, Limerick, Ireland, pp. 2007–2010

  45. Droit C, Martin G, Ballandras S, Friedt J-M (2013) A frequency modulated wireless interrogation system exploiting narrowband acoustic resonator for remote physical quantity measurement. Review of Scientific Instruments. doi: 10.1063/1.3402286

  46. Stelzer A, Scheiblhofer S, Schuster S, Teichmann R (2008) Wireless sensor marking and temperature measurement with SAW-identification tags. Measurement 41:579–588

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Stove A (1992) Linear FMCW radar techniques. IEE Proceedings F 139(5):343–350

    Google Scholar 

  48. Griffiths HD (1990) New ideas in FM RADAR. Electronics & Communication Engineering Journal, pp. 185–194

  49. Marcaccioli L, Sbarra E, Urbani L, Gatti RV, Sorrentino R (2011) An accurate indoor ranging system based on FMCW radar. IEEE Intelligent Vehicles Symposium, Baden-Baden, Germany, pp. 981–986

  50. Kalinin V (2004) Passive wireless strain and temperature sensors based on SAW devices. IEEE Sensors Conference, Vienna, Austria

  51. Pichler M, Stelzer A, Seisenberger C (2008) Modeling and simulation of PLL-based frequency-synthesizers for FMCW radar. IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, pp. 1540–1543

  52. Scheiblhofer S, Schuster S, Stelzer A (2007) High-speed FMCW radar frequency synthesizer with DDS based linearization. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters 17(5):397–399

    Article  Google Scholar 

  53. Balanis CA (2005) Antenna theory. Wiley, Hoboken

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

The author wish to thank the two following institutions for financial support: the French Radioactive Waste Management Agency (ANDRA) through the contract no. 045985 and the Pole de Competitivité Aéronautique, Espace et Systèmes Embarqués through the project Système Autonome Communicant En Réseau.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hervé Aubert.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Aubert, H., Chebila, F., Jatlaoui, M. et al. Wireless sensing and identification based on radar cross section variability measurement of passive electromagnetic sensors. Ann. Telecommun. 68, 425–435 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-013-0376-5

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12243-013-0376-5

Keywords

Navigation