Abstract
Brain computer interface (BCI) system is based on non-invasive electroencephalographic signals. It is an augmented communication channel for disabled persons which translates neural activity from the brain into control signals. In this paper, a novel group based Swarm evolution algorithm (GSEA) driven neural classifier has been proposed to classify mental tasks. These mental tasks consists of left and right hand movement imagination and thinking of word generation. GSEA is a hybrid of swarm intelligence based computational methods with differential evolution based techniques. Hybridization of both algorithms ensures that pitfalls of both are overcome thus enhancing results. A concept of grouping has also been introduced to increase both exploration and exploitation performance of the algorithm. GSEA has been tested on publicly available BCI Competition 3 dataset 5. Experimental results shows that the proposed algorithm exhibits better result than individual swarm or differential search based algorithms and many other algorithms.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Amzica F, Steriade M (1998) Electrophysiological correlates of sleep delta waves. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 107(2):69–83
Anderson CW, Stolz EA, Shamsunder S (1998) Multivariate autoregressive models for classification of spontaneous electroencephalographic signals during mental tasks. Biomed Eng IEEE Trans 45(3):277–286
Bakan P, Svorad D (1969) Resting EEG alpha and asymmetry of reflective lateral eye movements. Nature 223:975–976
Bishop C (1991) Improving the generalization properties of radial basis function neural networks. Neural Comput 3(4):579–588
Blankertz DB (2005) BCI competition III, final results. http://www.bbci.de/competition/iii/results/. Online. Accessed 25 Feb 2014
Chen AC, Herrmann CS (2001) Perception of pain coincides with the spatial expansion of electroencephalographic dynamics in human subjects. Neurosci Lett 297(3):183–186
Coyle SM, Ward TE, Markham CM (2007) Braincomputer interface using a simplified functional nearinfrared spectroscopy system. J Neural Eng 4(3):219
Delgado Saa JF, Cetin M (2013) Discriminative methods for classification of asynchronous imaginary motor tasks from eeg data. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 21(5):716–724
del R Millan J, Mouriño J, Franzé M, Cincotti F, Varsta M, Heikkonen J, Babiloni F (2002) A local neural classifier for the recognition of eeg patterns associated to mental tasks. Neural Netw IEEE Trans 13(3):678–686
del R Millan JMMFFCMVJH J, Babiloni F (2002) A local neural classifier for the recognition of eeg patterns associated to mental tasks. Neural Netw IEEE Trans 13(3):678–686
Diamantaras KI, Kung SY (1996) Principal component neural networks: theory and applications. Wiley, New York
Duda RO, Hart PE, Stork DG (2012) Pattern classification. Wiley, New York
Galn F, Oliva F, Guardia J (2007) Using mental tasks transitions detection to improve spontaneous mental activity classification. Med Biol Eng Comput 45(6):603–609
Gandelli A, Grimaccia F, Mussetta M, Pirinoli P, Zich RE (2007) Development and validation of different hybridization strategies between ga and pso. In: Evolutionary computation. CEC 2007. IEEE, IEEE congress on, pp 2782–2787
Garrett D, Peterson DA, Anderson CW, Thaut MH (2003) Comparison of linear, nonlinear, and feature selection methods for eeg signal classification. Neural Syst Rehabil Eng IEEE Trans 11(2):141–144
Guger C, Schlogl A, Neuper C, Walterspacher D, Strein T, Pfurtscheller G (2001) Rapid prototyping of an eegbased braincomputer interface (bci). Neural Syst Rehabil Eng IEEE Trans 9(1):49–58
Hao ZF, Guo GH, Huang H (2007) A particle swarm optimization algorithm with differential evolution. In: Machine learning and cybernetics, 2007 international conference on, IEEE, vol 2, pp 1031–1035
Hao ZF, Wang ZG, Huang H (2007) A particle swarm optimization algorithm with crossover operator. In: Machine learning and cybernetics, 2007 international conference on, IEEE, vol 2, pp 1036–1040
He ZL, Wong PK (2004) Exploration vs. exploitation: an empirical test of the ambidexterity hypothesis. Organ Sci 15(4):481–494
Iber C, Medicine AAoS (2007) The AASM manual for the scoring of sleep and associated events: rules, terminology and technical specifications. American Academy of Sleep Medicine, Darien
Ivanitsky AM, Nikolaev AR, Ivanitsky GA (2001) Cortical connectivity during word association search. Int J Psychophysiol 42(1):35–53
Kennedy J, Eberhart R (1995) Particle swarm optimization. In: Proceedings of IEEE international conference on neural networks, Perth, Australia, vol 4, pp 1942–1948
Landis, JR, Koch GG (1977) The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33(1):159–174
Leuthardt EC, Schalk G, Wolpaw JR, Ojemann JG, Moran DW (2004) A braincomputer interface using electrocorticographic signals in humans. J Neural Eng 1(2):63
Li Y, Wen PP (2011) Clustering techniquebased least square support vector machine for eeg signal classification. Comput Methods Programs Biomed 104(3):358–372
Lin CJ, Hsieh MH (2009a) Classification of mental task from eeg data using neural networks based on particle swarm optimization. Neurocomputing 72(4):1121–1130
Logar V, Beli A (2011) Visuomotor tasks in a brain computer interface analysis. Recent advances in brain computer interface systems. InTech, New York, USA
Lotte F, Congedo M, Lcuyer A, Lamarche F, Arnaldi B (2007) A review of classification algorithms for eegbased braincomputer interfaces. J Neural Eng 4:R1–R13
Manganotti P, Gerloff C, Toro C, Katsuta H, Sadato N, Zhuang P, Leocani L, Hallett M (1998) Taskrelated coherence and taskrelated spectral power changes during sequential finger movements. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol/Electromyogr Mot Control 109(1):50–62
McFarland DJ, McCane LM, David SV, Wolpaw JR (1997) Spatial filter selection for eegbased communication. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 103(3):386–394
Mellinger J, Schalk G, Braun C, Preissl H, Rosenstiel W, Birbaumer N, Kbler A (2007) An megbased braincomputer interface (bci). Neuroimage 36(3):581–593
del Milln J (2004) On the need for online learning in braincomputer interfaces. In: Neural networks, 2004. In: Proceedings. 2004 IEEE international joint conference on, IEEE, vol 4, pp 2877–2882
Moore MM (2003) Realworld applications for braincomputer interface technology. Neural Syst Rehabil Eng IEEE Trans 11(2):162–165
Neuper C, Pfurtscheller G (2001) Eventrelated dynamics of cortical rhythms: frequencyspecific features and functional correlates. Int J Psychophysiol 43(1):41–58
Palaniappan R, Paramesran R, Nishida S, Saiwaki N (2002) A new braincomputer interface design using fuzzy artmap. Neural Syst Rehabil Eng IEEE Trans 10(3):140–148
Pfurtscheller G, Andrew C (1999) Eventrelated changes of band power and coherence: methodology and interpretation. J Clin Neurophysiol 16(6):512
Pfurtscheller G, Aranibar A (1979) Evaluation of eventrelated desynchronization (erd) preceding and following voluntary selfpaced movement. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 46(2):138–146
Pfurtscheller G, Neuper C, Flotzinger D, Pregenzer M (1997) Eegbased discrimination between imagination of right and left hand movement. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 103(6):642–651
Ratnaweera A, Halgamuge S, Watson HC (2004) Selforganizing hierarchical particle swarm optimizer with timevarying acceleration coefficients. Evol Comput IEEE Trans 8(3):240–255
Schnitzler A, Salenius S, Salmelin R, Jousmki V, Hari R (1997) Involvement of primary motor cortex in motor imagery: a neuromagnetic study. Neuroimage 6(3):201–208
Shenoy P, Rao RP (2004) Dynamic bayesian networks for braincomputer interfaces. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems
Sitaram R, Caria A, Veit R, Gaber T, Rota G, Kuebler A, Birbaumer N (2007) Fmri braincomputer interface: a tool for neuroscientific research and treatment. Computat Intell Neurosci 2007:25487. doi:10.1155/2007/25487
Storn R, Price K (1997) Differential evolutiona simple and efficient heuristic for global optimization over continuous spaces. J Glob Optim 11(4):341–359
Strber D, Herrmann CS (2002) Meg alpha activity decrease reflects destabilization of multistable percepts. Cogn Brain Res 14(3):370–382
Sugiura T, Goto N, Hayashi A (2007) A discriminative model corresponding to hierarchical HMMs. Springer, Berlin
Sun S, Zhang C (2005) Learning online classification via decorrelated lms algorithm: application to braincomputer interfaces. In: Discovery Science, Springer, pp 215–226
Sun S, Zhang C (2006) Adaptive feature extraction for eeg signal classification. Med Biol Eng Comput 44(10):931–935
Sun S, Zhang C, Zhang D (2007) An experimental evaluation of ensemble methods for eeg signal classification. Pattern Recognit Lett 28(15):2157–2163
Sun S, Zhang C, Lu Y (2008) The random electrode selection ensemble for eeg signal classification. Pattern Recognit 41(5):1663–1675
Torn A, Zilinskas A (1989) Global optimization. SpringerVerlag, New York Inc
Weiskopf N, Mathiak K, Bock SW, Scharnowski F, Veit R, Grodd W, Goebel R, Birbaumer N (2004) Principles of a braincomputer interface (bci) based on realtime functional magnetic resonance imaging (fmri). Biomed Eng IEEE Trans 51(6):966–970
Wolford J (2012) Man with locked-in syndrome tweets using eye-tracking tech. http://www.webpronews.com/man-with-locked-in-syndrome-tweets-using-eye-tracking-tech-2012-06. Online. Accessed 25 Feb 2014
Wolpaw JR, Birbaumer N, Heetderks WJ, McFarland DJ, Peckham PH, Schalk G, Donchin E, Quatrano LA, Robinson CJ, Vaughan TM (2000) Braincomputer interface technology: a review of the first international meeting. IEEE Trans Rehabil Eng 8(2):164–173
Wubbels P, Nishimura E, Rapoport E, Darling B, Proffitt D, Downs T, Downs JH III (2007) Exploring calibration techniques for functional nearinfrared imaging (fNIR) controlled braincomputer interfaces. Springer, Berlin
Yordanova J, Kolev V, Polich J (2001) P300 and alpha eventrelated desynchronization (erd). Psychophysiology 38(1):143–152
Zhiwei L, Minfen S (2007) Classification of mental task eeg signals using wavelet packet entropy and svm. In: Electronic measurement and instruments, 2007. ICEMI’07. 8th international conference on, IEEE, pp 3906–3909
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Agarwal, S.K., Shah, S. & Kumar, R. Group based Swarm evolution algorithm (GSEA) driven mental task classifier. Memetic Comp. 7, 19–27 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12293-015-0155-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12293-015-0155-0