Skip to main content
Log in

College students’ use of self-generated tagclouds for knowledge integration: evidence from reflections

  • Published:
Journal of Computing in Higher Education Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Student-generated tagclouds provided an intuitive overview of a group of learners’ collective knowledge. Although such tagclouds may have the potential to be used as effective learning tools, it has not been clear how students use this tool for knowledge construction. In this paper, we report a two-stage study that investigated college students’ experiences of using tagclouds for developing their domain knowledge, culminating in individual concept maps and research papers. Based on the results of the qualitative analyses of students’ reflections from the first stage, an intervention was introduced: group discussions on tagclouds generated from different groups. The result of Study Stage II showed that group discussions highlighted the utility of the tagclouds. Treatment group participants were more likely to use tagclouds as metacognitive strategies for planning, searching, retrieving, and organizing their learning. The two-stage study also underscored the importance of collecting students’ reflections earlier in the learning process when introducing a new technology tool to promote learning.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Agius, H., Angelides, M. C., & Zad, D. D. (2013). Experimenting with tagging and context for collaborating MPEG-7 metadata. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 62, 143–177. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-011-0984-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bateman, S., Brooks, C., Mccalla, G., & Brusilovsky, P. (2007). Applying collaborative tagging to e-learning. In Proceedings of the16th international world wide web conference (WWW2007).

  • Bonifazi, F., Levialdi, S., Rizzo, P., & Trinchese, R. (2002). A web-based annotation tool supporting e-learning. In Proceedings of the working conference on advanced visual interfaces, Italy (pp. 123–128). https://doi.org/10.1145/1556262.1556281.

  • Borkowski, J., Carr, M., & Pressely, M. (1987). “Spontaneous” strategy use: Perspectives from metacognitive theory. Intelligence, 11, 61–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brown, A. L. (1987). Metacognition, executive control, self-regulation, and other more mysterious mechanisms. In F. Weinert & R. Kluwe (Eds.), Metacognition, motivation, and understanding (pp. 65–116). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brown, H. D. (2007). Principles of language learning and teaching (5th ed.). White Plains, NY: Pearson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bruning, R. H., Schraw, G. J., & Ronning, R. R. (1995). Cognitive psychology and instruction (2nd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Merrill.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cañas A. J., Carff, R., Hill, G., Carvalho, M., Arguedas, M., Eskridge, T. C., …, Carvajal, R. (2005). Concept maps: Integrating knowledge and information visualization. In S.-O. Tergan & T. Keller (Eds.), Knowledge and information visualization (pp. 205–219). https://doi.org/10.1007/11510154_11.

  • Cattuto, C., Loreto, V., & Pietronero, L. (2006). Collaborative tagging and semiotic dynamics. ArXiv. Retrieved February 20, 2017, from https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Collaborative-Tagging-and-Semiotic-Dynamics-Cattuto-Loreto/3cc074bfc9f1ff8759d7988b6664b96113bdb9c3.

  • Chamot, A. U., & O’Malley, J. M. (1994). The CALLA handbook: Implementing the cognitive academic language learning approach. New York, NY: Longman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chiu, M. M., & Kuo, S. W. (2009). From metacognition to social metacognition: Similarities, differences, and learning. Journal of Education Research, 3(4), 1–19.

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi, I., Land, S. M., & Turgeon, A. J. (2005). Scaffolding peer-questioning strategies to facilitate metacognition during online small group discussion. Instructional Science: An International Journal of the Learning Sciences, 33(5), 483–511.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chung, S., Chung, M.-J., & Severance, C. (1999). Design of support tools and knowledge building in a virtual university course: Effect of reflection and self-explanation prompts. Paper presented at the WebNet 99 World Conference on the WWW and Internet Proceedings, Honolulu, Hawaii. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED448706).

  • Cress, U., & Held, C. (2013). Harnessing collective knowledge inherent in tag clouds. Journal of Computer Assisted learning, 29(3), 235–247.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cress, U., Held, C., & Kimmerle, J. (2013). The collective knowledge of social tags: Direct and indirect influences on navigation, learning, and information processing. Computers & Education, 60(1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.06.015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Darling-Hammond, L., Austin, K., Cheung, M., & Martin, D. (2003). Thinking about thinking: Metacognition. Retrieved May 31, 2017, from http://www.learner.org/courses/learningclassroom/support/09_metacog.pdf.

  • Davis, E. A. (2003). Prompting middle school science students for productive reflection: Generic and directed prompts. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 12(1), 91–142.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Dye, J. (2006). Folksonomy: A game of high-tech (and high-stakes) tag. EContent, 29(3), 38–43.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fewell, N. (2010). Language learning strategies and English language proficiency: An investigation of Japanese EFL university students. TESOL Journal, 2, 159–174.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flavell, J. H. (1979). Metacognition and cognitive monitoring: A new area of cognitive-developmental inquiry. American Psychologist, 34, 906–911.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fogarty, R. (1994). How to teach for metacognition. Palatine, IL: IRI/Skylight Publishing.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gagné, R. M. (1974). Essentials of learning for instruction. Hinsdale, IL: The Dryden Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Garrison, D. R., & Akyol, Z. (2013). Toward the development of a metacognition construct for communities of inquiry. The Internet and Higher Education, 17, 84–89.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gillies, R. M. (2011). Promoting thinking, problem-solving and reasoning during small group discussions. Teachers and Teaching, 17(1), 73–89. https://doi.org/10.1080/13540602.2011.538498.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hearst, M. A., & Rosner, D. (2008). Tag clouds: Data analysis tool or social signaler? In Proceedings of the 41st Annual Hawaii international conference on system sciences, HICSS’08. IEEE Computer Society. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2008.422.

  • Helic, D., Tratner, C., Strohmaier, M., & Andrews, K. (2011). Are tag clouds useful for navigation? A network-theoretic analysis. International Journal of Social Computing and Cyber-Physical Systems, 1(1), 33–55. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJSCCPS.2011.043603.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Huang, J.-L., Chen, C.-M., Pai, T.-W., Zeng, L. W., & Chen, R. (2011). Multiscale SSR tag cloud visualization for biomarker discovery. Paper presented at 2011 International Conference on Complex, Intelligent and Software Intensive Systems (CISIS). https://doi.org/10.1109/cisis.2011.85.

  • Iiskala, T., Vauras, M., Lehtinen, E., & Salonen, P. (2011). Socially shared metacognition of dyads of pupils in collaborative mathematical problem-solving processes. Learning and Instruction, 21(3), 379–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.learninstruc.2010.05.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klašnja-Milićević, A., Ivanović, M., & Nanopoulos, A. (2015). Recommender systems in e-learning environments: A survey of the state-of-the-art and possible extensions. Artificial Intelligence Review, 44(4), 571–604.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Klašnja-Milićević, S., Vesin, B., & Ivanović, M. (2018). Social tagging strategy for enhancing e-learning experience. Computers & Education, 118, 166–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2017.12.002.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Knautz, K., Soubusta, S., & Stock, W. G. (2010). Tag clusters as information retrieval interfaces. In Proceedings of the 2010 43rd Hawaii international conference on system sciences. https://doi.org/10.1109/hicss.2010.360.

  • Lajoie, S. P., & Lu, J. (2012). Supporting collaboration with technology: Does shared cognition lead to co-regulation in medicine? Metacognition and Learning, 7(1), 45–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Larkin, S. (2009). Socially mediated metacognition and learning to write. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 4(3), 149–159.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lever-Duffy, J., & McDonald, J. B. (2015). Teaching and learning with technology (5th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Person.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, S.-Y., & Xie, Y. (2017). Effects of tagcloud-anchored group discussions on preservice teachers’ collaborative knowledge construction. Australasian Journal of Educational Technology, 33(2), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.14742/ajet.2885.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lowry, P. B., Roberts, T. L., Romano, N. C., Cheney, P. D., & Hightower, R. T. (2006). The impact of group size and social presence on small-group communication: Does computer-mediated communication make a difference?. Small Group Research, 37(6), 631–661. https://doi.org/10.1177/1046496406294322.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lowyck, J., & Pöysä, J. (2001). Design of collaborative learning environments. Computers in Human Behavior, 17, 507–516. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(01)00017-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McDevitt, T. M., & Omorod, J. E. (2016). Child development and education (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson & Always Learning.

    Google Scholar 

  • McKeachie, W. J. (1988). The need for study strategy training. In C. E. Weinstein, E. T. Goetz, & P. A. Alexander (Eds.), Learning and study strategies: Issues in assessment, instruction, and evaluation (pp. 3–9). New York, NY: Academic Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Meichenbaum, D. (1985). Teaching thinking: A cognitive-behavioral perspective. In S. F. Chipman, J. W. Segal, & R. Glaser (Eds.), Thinking and learning skills: Research and open questions. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles, M. B., & Huberman, A. M. (1994). Qualitative data analysis: An expanded sourcebook (2nd ed.). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morgan, D. (2009). Teaching and learning has always been a highly social activity. Technology hasn’t changed this. Or has it? In Learning technologies conference, Queensland.

  • Novak, J. D., & Gowin, D. B. (1984). Learning how to learn. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Nurse, J. R. C., Agrafiotis, L., Goldsmith, M., Creese, S., & Lamberts, K. (2015). Tag clouds with a twist: Using tag clouds coloured by information’s trustworthiness to support situation awareness. Journal of Trust Management. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40493-015-0021-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Oh, K. E., Halpern, D., Tremaine, M., Chiang, J., Silver, D., & Bemis, K. (2015). Blocked: When the information is hidden by the visualization. Journal of the Association for information Science and Technology, 67(5), 1033–1051. https://doi.org/10.1002/asi.23479.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pea, R. (1993). The collaborative visualization project. Communications of the ACM, 36(5), 60–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Piaget, J. (1970). Genetic epistemology (E. Duckworth, Trans.). New York, NY: The Norton Library.

  • Rahimi, M., & Katal, M. (2012). Metacognitive strategies awareness and success in learning English as a foreign language: A overview. Procedia Social and Behavioral Science, 31, 73–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.12.019.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reiser, R. A., & Dempsey, J. V. (2012). Trends and issues in instructional design and technology (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riddell, J. E. (2016). The importance of word and world knowledge for the successful strategic processing of multiple texts online. English in Education, 50(2), 164–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Roblyer, M. D. (2016). Integrating educational technology into teaching (7th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz-Primo, M. A. (2014). Examining concept maps as an assessment tool. In A. J. Cañas, J. D. Novak, & F. M. González (Eds.), Concept maps: Theory, methodology, technology Proceedings of the first international conference on concept mapping (pp. 555–562). Pamplona: Universidad Pública de Navarra.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruiz-Primo, M. A., & Shavelson, R. J. (1996). Problems and issues in the use of concept maps in science assessment. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 33(6), 569–600.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saldana, J. (2013). The coding manual for qualitative researchers (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Scardamalia, M., & Bereiter, C. (1996). Computer support for knowledge-building communities. In T. Koschmann (Ed.), CSCL: Theory and practice of an emerging paradigm (pp. 249–268). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sim, J. W. S., & Hew, K. F. (2010). The use of weblogs in higher education settings: A review of empirical research. Educational Research Review, 5, 151–163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simpson, M. L., & Nist, S. (2000). An update on strategic learning: It’s more than textbook reading strategies. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 43(6), 528–541.

    Google Scholar 

  • Simsek, A., & Balaban, J. (2010). Learning strategies of successful and unsuccessful university students. Contemporary Educational Technology, 1(1), 36–45.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinclair, J., & Cardew-Hall, M. (2008). The folksonomy tag cloud: When is it useful. Journal of Information Science, 34(1), 15–29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165551506078083.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stahl, G. (2000). A model of collaborative knowledge building. Paper presented at the Fourth International Conference of the Learning Sciences, Ann Arbor, MI. Retrieved April 17, 2017, from http://gerrystahl.net/pub/icls2000.pdf.

  • Subramaniyaswamy, S., Vijayakumar, V., Indragandhi, V., & Logesh, L. (2015). Data mining-based tag recommendation system: An overview. WIREs Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery, 5, 87–112. https://doi.org/10.1002/widm.1149.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sun, Z., Xie, K., & Anderman, L. H. (2018). The role of self-regulated learning in students’ success in flipped undergraduate math courses. The Internet and Higher Education, 36, 41–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2017.09.003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tonkin, E., Corrado, E. M., Moulaison, H. L, Kipp, M. E. I., Resmini, A., Pfeiffer, H. D., & Zhang, Q. (2008). Collaborative and social tagging networks. ARIADNE. Retrieved January 6, 2017, from http://www.ariadne.ac.uk/issue54/tonkin-et-al/.

  • Trant, J. (2009). Studying social tagging and folksonomy: A review and framework. Journal of Digital Information, 1–44. Retrieved March 28, 2016, from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/20c9/c166f1e19973c266b6583d4ed5f22ce63f1b.pdf?_ga=2.42284453.1670544779.1502384836-1586243306.1502384836.

  • Trattner, C., Helic, D., & Strohmaier, M. (2014). Tag clouds. In R. Alhajj & J. Rokne (Eds.), Encyclopedia of social network analysis and mining (pp. 2103–2107). New York, NY: Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6170-8_126.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Veenman, M. V. J., Van Hout-Wolters, B. H. A. M., & Afflerbach, P. (2006). Metacognition and learning: Conceptual and methodological considerations. Metacognition Learning, 1, 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11409-006-6893-0.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Walhout, J., Brand-Gruwel, S., Jarodzka, H., van Dijk, M., de Groot, R., & Kirschner, P. A. (2015). Learning and navigating in hypertext: Navigational support by hierarchical menu or tag cloud? Computers in Human Behavior, 46, 218–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.01.025.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Winter, J., Cotton, D., Gavin, J., & Yorke, J. D. (2010). Effective e-learning? Multi-tasking distractions and boundary management by graduate students in an online environment. Research in Learning Technology, 18(1), 71–83. https://doi.org/10.1080/09687761003657598.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xie, Y., & Lin, S.-Y. (2016). Tagclouds and group cognition: Effect of tagging support on students’ reflective learning in team blogs. British Journal of Educational Technology, 47(6), 1135–1150. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12293.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Xie, Y., & Sharma, P. (2013). Examining students’ reflective thinking from keywords tagged to blogs: Using map analysis as a content analysis method. Interactive Learning Environments, 21(6), 548–576. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2011.609825.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zeng, X., & Harris, S. T. (2005). Blogging in an online health information technology class. Perspectives in Health Information Management, 29(2), 6.

    Google Scholar 

  • Zohar, A., & Barzilai, S. (2015). Metacognition and teaching higher order thinking (HOT) in science education: Students’ learning, teachers’ knowledge and instructional practices. In R. Wegerif, L. Li, & J. C. Kaufman (Eds.), The Routledge international handbook on research on teaching thinking (pp. 229–242). Florence, KT: Taylor & Francis Group.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shu-Yuan Lin.

Ethics declarations

Conflict of interest

The two authors declare that they have no conflict of interests.

Ethical approval

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Informed consent

This study was approved by IRB at Idaho State University. When this study was conducted, the two authors were faculty at Idaho State University.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Lin, SY., Xie, Y. College students’ use of self-generated tagclouds for knowledge integration: evidence from reflections. J Comput High Educ 31, 56–80 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-018-9191-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-018-9191-3

Keywords

Navigation