Skip to main content
Log in

Uncertain Graph Classification Based on Extreme Learning Machine

  • Published:
Cognitive Computation Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The problem of graph classification has attracted much attention in recent years. The existing work on graph classification has only dealt with precise and deterministic graph objects. However, the linkages between nodes in many real-world applications are inherently uncertain. In this paper, we focus on classification of graph objects with uncertainty. The method we propose can be divided into three steps: Firstly, we put forward a framework for classifying uncertain graph objects. Secondly, we extend the traditional algorithm used in the process of extracting frequent subgraphs to handle uncertain graph data. Thirdly, based on Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) with fast learning speed, a classifier is constructed. Extensive experiments on uncertain graph objects show that our method can produce better efficiency and effectiveness compared with other methods.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Taylor JG. Cognitive computation. Cogn Comput. 2009;1(1):4–16.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Wollmer M, Eyben F, Graves A, Schuller B, Rigoll G. Bidirectional LSTM networks for context-sensitive keyword detection in a cognitive virtual agent framework. Cogn Comput. 2010;2(3):180–90.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Mital P, Smith T, Hill R, Henderson J. Clustering of gaze during dynamic scene viewing is predicted by motion. Cogn Comput. 2011;3(1):5–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Cambria E, Hussain A. “Sentic computing: techniques, tools, and applications”, SpringerBriefs in cognitive computation. Dordrecht: Springer; 2012.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  5. Wang Q, Cambria E, Liu C, Hussain A. Common sense knowledge for handwritten Chinese recognition. Cogn Comput. 2013;5(2):234–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Xu Y, Guo R, Wang L. A twin multi-class classification support vector machine. Cogn Comput. 2013;5(4):580–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Tsivtsivadze E, Urban J, Geuvers H, Heskes T. Semantic graph kernels for automated reasoning. In: SDM, 2011. pp. 795–803.

  8. Tamas H, Thomas G, Stefan W. Cyclic pattern kernels for predictive graph mining. In: KDD, 2004. pp. 158–167.

  9. Thomas G, Peter F, Stefan W. On graph kernels: hardness results and efficient alternatives. In: COLT, 2003. pp. 129–143.

  10. Jin N, Young C, Wang W. GAIA: graph classification using evolutionary computation. In: SIGMOD, 2010. pp. 879–890.

  11. Thoma M, Cheng H, Gretton A, Han J, Kriegel H-P, Smola AJ, Song L, Yu PS, Yan X, K.M. Borgwardt: near-optimal supervised feature selection among frequent subgraphs. In: SDM, 2009. pp. 1075–1086.

  12. Jin N, Young C, Wang W. Graph classification based on pattern co-occurrence. In: CIKM, 2009. pp. 573–582.

  13. Kong X, Yu PS. Semi-supervised feature selection for graph classification. In: SIGKDD, 2010. pp. 793–802.

  14. Bifet A, Holmes G, Pfahringer B, Gavald R. Mining frequent closed graphs on evolving data streams. In: SIGKDD, 2011. pp. 591–599.

  15. Yan X, Han J. gSpan: graph-based substructure pattern mining. ICDM, 2002. pp. 721–724.

  16. Parthasarathy S, Tatikonda S, Duygu U. A survey of graph mining techniques for biological datasets. In: Managing and mining graph data, 2010. pp. 547–580.

  17. Jiang C, Coenen F, Zito M. A survey of frequent subgraph mining algorithms. In: Knowledge Engineering Review, 2013. pp. 75–105.

  18. Thoma M, Cheng H, Gretton A, Han J, Kriegel HP, Smola A, Orgwardt KM. Discriminative frequent subgraph mining with optimality guarantees. Stat Anal Data Min. 2010;3(5):302–18.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Shelokar P, Quirin A, Cordn O. MOSubdue: a Pareto dominance-based multiobjective subdue algorithm for frequent subgraph mining. Knowl Inf Syst. 2013;34(1):75–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Huang G-B, Zhu QY, Siew CK. Extreme learning machine: theory and applications. Neurocomputing. 2006;70(1):489–501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Zhao Z, Chen Z, Chen Y, Wang S, Wang H. A class incremental extreme learning machine for activity recognition. Cogn Comput. 2014. doi:10.1007/s12559-014-9259-y.

  22. Wang X, Shao Q, Miao Q, Zhai J. Architecture selection for networks trained with extreme learning machine using localized generalization error model. Neurocomputing. 2013;102:3–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Huang G-B, Zhou H, Ding X, Zhang R. Extreme learning machine for regression and multiclass classification. IEEE Trans Syst. 2012;42(2):513–29.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Miche Y, Sorjamaa A, Bas P, Simula Q, Jutten C, Lendasse A. OP-ELM: optimally pruned extreme learning machine. Neural Netw. 2010;21(1):158–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Mishra A, Goel A, Singh R, Chetty G, Singh L. A novel image watermarking scheme using extreme learning machine. In: Neural Networks (IJCNN), 2012. pp. 1–6.

  26. Huang G-B, Wang DH, Lan Y. Extreme learning machines: a survey. Int J Mach Learn Cybern. 2011;2(2):107–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Zong W, Huang G-B. Learning to rank with extreme learning machine. Neural Process Lett. 2013;39(2):1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  28. Zong W, Huang G-B, Chen Y. Weighted extreme learning machine for imbalance learning. Neurocomputing. 2013;101:229–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Fletcher R. Practical methods of optimization. John Wiley & Sons, 2013. p. 2.

  30. Cormen TH, Leiserson CE, Rivest RL, Stein C. Introduction to algorithms. In: Constrained optimization, 2001.

  31. The protein structure. Retrieved May 6, 2013 from http://www.rcsb.org/pdb/.

  32. Structural classification of proteins. Retrieved May 10, 2013 from http://scop.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/scop/.

  33. The database of compound structures. Retrieved May 8, 2013 from http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

Download references

Acknowledgments

This research was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 61173029 and 61272182; New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-11-0085).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shuangshuang Ai.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Han, D., Hu, Y., Ai, S. et al. Uncertain Graph Classification Based on Extreme Learning Machine. Cogn Comput 7, 346–358 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-014-9295-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12559-014-9295-7

Keywords

Navigation